海角大神

Separation of church and state may be a constitutional requirement in US government. But in Election 2012 politics, religion has become an increasingly important factor.

Both President Obama and Mitt Romney are focusing on particular religious groups 鈥� Roman Catholic, Jewish, and evangelical 海角大神s. Mr. Romney鈥檚 religion 鈥� Mormonism 鈥� is being covered by the media like never before in US political history. (At least since the sect moved to Utah in the 19^th century in order to practice its own beliefs 鈥� including, at that time, polygamy.)

Off to the side, meanwhile, is an apparent spat between the two most prominent Mormon politicians 鈥� Romney and Senate majority leader Harry Reid 鈥� that seems to bear on their religion鈥檚 theology.

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The cover story in the current issue of Time magazine is headlined "The Mormon Identity: What Mitt Romney's faith tells us about his vision and values." It鈥檚 written by Jon Meacham, who鈥檚 a member of the Leadership Council of the Harvard Divinity School and whose books include 鈥淎merican Gospel: God, the Founding Fathers, and the Making of a Nation.鈥�

"[T]he question is whether Romney has the capacity to draw once more on the pragmatic tradition of his religious forebears,鈥� Mr. Meacham writes. 鈥淲ill he stick with a strategy that seems not to be working against President Obama, or will he respond to changing events 鈥� with bold policy proposals or a more overtly negative campaign or whatever might move the election in his favor?鈥�

鈥淥ne thing is clear: as a devout Mormon leader, Romney knows his church history, and he knows that difficulty and doubt are inherent elements of life,鈥� Meacham writes. 鈥淭he key thing is to remain faithful, to serve, to press ahead 鈥� to the next territory that might welcome you, to the next voter who might decide to give you a chance. From the outside, Romney's life looks to have been easy and affluent. There is, however, another angle of vision, one that reveals a deep-seated Romney instinct to survive and thrive in even the worst of storms.鈥�

In The New York Times a few days earlier, Simon Critchley, professor of philosophy at the New School for Social Research in New York, had a long column titled 鈥淲hy I Love Mormonism.鈥�

There, Professor Critchley (who is not a Mormon) sought to explain to nonbelievers 鈥� especially urban skeptics whose knowledge is limited to snarky superficialities 鈥� that the Mormons he met as part of his academic work 鈥渨ere some of the kindest, most self-effacing and honest people I have ever met.鈥�

鈥淭hey were also funny, warm, genuine, completely open-minded, smart and terribly well read,鈥� he added.

But with many non-Mormons today, he finds 鈥渁聽casual聽prejudice that is not like the visceral hatred that plagued the early decades of Mormonism 鈥� lest it be forgotten, Joseph Smith was shot to death on June 27, 1844, by an angry mob who broke into a jail where he was detained 鈥� but a symptom of a thoughtless incuriousness.鈥�

Washington, D.C. being a company town, The Washington Post visited the Mormon 鈥渨ard鈥� (congregation) where a President Romney likely would attend.

鈥淢ore ethnically and economically diverse than the typical Mormon ward, its roughly 200 congregants are drawn largely from Northeast Washington and have included deported immigrants, a teen shot dead in gang violence, refugees from African wars, and youths who depend on the church for meals, tutoring for class and support to pay for Boy Scout camp,鈥� the Post reported.

The writer seemed surprised to find that most ward members are Democrats. Still, one said, 鈥淚鈥檇 welcome him with open arms.鈥�

One who would not welcome Romney to Washington with open arms is fellow Mormon Senator Reid. When Romney made his now-infamous comment that seemed to write off the 47 percent of Americans who 鈥渁re dependent upon government 鈥� believe that they are victims 鈥� believe the government has a responsibility to care for them,鈥� Reid was quick to comment that Romney had 鈥渟ullied鈥� their religion and that the GOP presidential challenger 鈥渋s not the face of Mormonism."

In The Washington Post鈥檚 鈥淏elief Watch鈥� column, Lisa Miller puts Romney鈥檚 controversial 鈥�47 percent鈥� remark to wealthy donors in historical and theological perspective.

鈥淢ormons regard thrift, industry and self-reliance聽as non-negotiable obligations,鈥� she writes. But, she adds, 鈥淭he dark side of the Mormon devotion to self-reliance is a corresponding horror of failure and dependency on outsiders.鈥�

鈥淎 good Mormon wants to care for others in need, but he doesn鈥檛 want to be cared for,鈥� she writes. 鈥淚f in dire straits, he should seek help first from family and then from his church community 鈥� not from government assistance.鈥�

Not all Mormons agree with Romney鈥檚 apparent interpretation.

鈥淭hat鈥檚 Republicanism,鈥� Kathleen Flake, professor of religion at Vanderbilt Divinity School and a Mormon, told the Post. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 not Mormonism.鈥�

鈥淲hat thunders from the Book of Mormon in LDS churches on Sunday, professor Flake added, is 鈥榠f you judge the poor, you have no place in the kingdom of God.鈥� 鈥�

Beyond Romney鈥檚 faith, both he and Mr. Obama are watching closely as other religious groups move toward one candidate or the other, seeking to influence that trend.

The Religion News Service reported this past week that 鈥淧resident Barack Obama's support among Catholic voters has surged since June 鈥� despite a summer that included the Catholic bishops' religious freedom campaign and the naming of Rep. Paul Ryan, a Catholic, as the GOP's vice-presidential candidate.鈥�

鈥淥n June 17, Obama held a slight edge over Mitt Romney among Catholics (49 percent to 47 percent), according to the Pew Research Center,鈥� the news service reported. 鈥淪ince then, Obama has surged ahead, and now leads 54 percent to 39 percent, according to a Pew poll conducted Sept. 16.鈥�

Among Jewish voters in 2008, Obama won an overwhelming 78 percent, according to exit polls. This year, the GOP is trying hard to win a larger percentage of such voters.

Reports The New York Times: 鈥淔ocused on South Florida, Ohio, and Nevada, the聽Republican Jewish Coalition, backed mostly by the casino magnate聽Sheldon Adelson, a Zionist, has begun spending $6.5 million on an air-and-ground strategy to reach Jewish voters who may view Mr. Obama as unreliable on the question of Israel鈥檚 security.鈥�

In recent weeks (and especially in light of the perceived threat from Iran鈥檚 nuclear progam), Romney himself has played up his close relationship with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

Meanwhile, evangelical 海角大神s 鈥� a substantial minority of whom had previously indicated they might not be able to vote for a Mormon 鈥� apparently began gravitating toward Romney once it became clear he would be the Republican nominee.

鈥淭here are at least two explanations for why Romney鈥檚 Mormonism matters so little among this powerful voting bloc,鈥� writes Jonathan Merritt聽on the blog site for Sojourners, the progressive religious and social action organization. 鈥淔irst, evangelicals seem to care more about political ideology than orthodox theology as far as voting is concerned. Polls show that voters care most about the economy, not faith. It鈥檚 why the Tea Party 鈥� most of them being self-described evangelicals 鈥� have gravitated toward another Mormon, Glenn Beck.鈥�

鈥淪econd, any discomfort about Mormonism is outweighed by an even larger disdain for President Obama,鈥� Mr. Merritt writes. 鈥淢any evangelicals bemoan the last four years of his administration鈥檚 policies and they fear what he鈥檒l do if re-elected.鈥�

As religion scholar John-Charles Duffy聽of Miami University in Ohio put it in the Religion & Politics online news journal, 鈥淓vangelicals may not think Romney鈥檚 a 海角大神, but at least he鈥檚 not Obama.鈥�

Are you smarter than an atheist? A religious quiz