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An online spat between factions of Donald Trump鈥檚 supporters over immigration and the tech industry has thrown internal divisions in his political movement into public display, previewing the fissures and contradictory views his coalition could bring to the White House.

The rift laid bare the tensions between the newest flank of Mr. Trump鈥檚 movement聽鈥� wealthy members of the tech world including billionaire Elon Musk and fellow entrepreneur Vivek Ramaswamy and their call for more highly skilled workers in their industry聽鈥� and people in Mr. Trump鈥檚 Make America Great Again base who championed his hard-line immigration policies.

The debate touched off this week when Laura Loomer, a right-wing provocateur with a history of racist and conspiratorial comments, criticized Mr. Trump鈥檚 selection of Sriram Krishnan as an adviser on artificial intelligence policy in his coming administration. Mr. Krishnan favors the ability to bring more skilled immigrants into the U.S.

Ms. Loomer declared the stance to be 鈥渘ot America First policy鈥� and said the tech executives who have aligned themselves with the president-elect were doing so to enrich themselves.

Much of the debate played out on the social media network X, which Mr. Musk owns.

Ms. Loomer鈥檚 comments sparked a back-and-forth with venture capitalist and former PayPal executive David Sacks, whom Mr. Trump has tapped to be the 鈥淲hite House A.I. & Crypto Czar.鈥� Mr. Musk and Mr. Ramaswamy, whom Mr. Trump has tasked with finding ways to cut the federal government, weighed in, defending the tech industry鈥檚 need to bring in foreign workers.

It bloomed into a larger debate with more figures from the hard-right weighing in about the need to hire U.S. workers, whether values in American culture can produce the best engineers, free speech on the internet, the newfound influence tech figures have in Mr. Trump鈥檚 world, and what his political movement stands for.

Mr. Trump has not yet weighed in on the rift, and his presidential transition team did not respond to a message seeking comment.

Mr. Musk, the world鈥檚 richest man who has grown remarkably close to the president-elect, was a central figure in the debate, not only for his stature in Trump鈥檚 movement but his stance on the tech industry鈥檚 hiring of foreign workers.

Technology companies say H-1B visas for skilled workers, used by software engineers and others in the tech industry, are critical for hard-to-fill positions. But critics have said they undercut U.S. citizens who could take those jobs. Some on the right have called for the program to be eliminated, not expanded.

Born in South Africa, Mr. Musk was once on a H-1B visa himself and defended the industry鈥檚 need to bring in foreign workers.

鈥淭here is a permanent shortage of excellent engineering talent,鈥� he said in a post. 鈥淚t is the fundamental limiting factor in Silicon Valley.鈥�

Mr. Trump鈥檚 own positions over the years have reflected the divide in his movement.

His tough immigration policies, including his pledge for a mass deportation, were central to his winning presidential campaign. He has focused on immigrants who come into the U.S. illegally but he has also sought curbs on legal immigration, including family-based visas.

As a presidential candidate in 2016, Mr. Trump called the H-1B visa program 鈥渧ery bad鈥� and 鈥渦nfair鈥� for U.S. workers. After he became president, Mr. Trump in 2017 issued a 鈥淏uy American and Hire American鈥� executive order, which directed Cabinet members to suggest changes to ensure H-1B visas were awarded to the highest-paid or most-skilled applicants to protect American workers.

The president-elect鈥檚 businesses, however, have hired foreign workers, including waiters and cooks at his Mar-a-Lago club, and his social media company behind his Truth Social app has used the the H-1B program for highly skilled workers.

During his 2024 campaign, as he made immigration his signature issue, Mr. Trump said immigrants in the country illegally are 鈥減oisoning the blood of our country鈥� and promised to carry out the largest deportation operation in U.S. history.

But in a sharp departure from his usual alarmist message around immigration generally, Mr. Trump told a podcast this year that he wants to give automatic green cards to foreign students who graduate from U.S. colleges.

鈥淚 think you should get automatically, as part of your diploma, a green card to be able to stay in this country,鈥� he told the 鈥淎ll-In鈥� podcast with people from the venture capital and technology world.

Those comments came on the cusp of Mr. Trump鈥檚 budding alliance with tech industry figures, but he did not make the idea a regular part of his campaign message or detail any plans to pursue such changes.