海角大神

At a clothing store in downtown Seattle, a woman approaches the exit during the busy lunch hour. A security guard smiles at her. But when she passes through metal detectors at the store entrance, security tags inside her shopping bag trigger an alarm.

鈥淢a鈥檃m?鈥� says the security guard.

Without turning around, the woman starts running. The guard dashes after her and stops her on the street outside.

鈥淪he actually did purchase a couple items, but she also stole a couple items,鈥� says the security guard, who asked not to be identified. 鈥淏etween 9 a.m. and 8 p.m., I say we probably catch 10 to 12 [thieves].鈥�

This kind of stealing isn鈥檛 confined to just urban Seattle. Across the United States, retailers are undertaking extraordinary聽measures to combat a rise in shoplifting, from locking goods behind plexiglass to installing specialty surveillance cameras.

There鈥檚 no shortage of demand for stolen goods due to 鈥渢he increased inflation/聽financial stress that people are experiencing right now,鈥� says Christopher Herrmann, associate professor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York.

How big a problem is retail theft?

The latest annual report by the National Retail Federation found that inventory loss amounted to $94.5 billion in 2021. Some say this is hardly cause for alarm. This rate of 鈥渟hrink,鈥� averaging 1.4% of revenue, is similar to the previous five years.

鈥淲hether it鈥檚 some of the data that has come from retail theft organizations or others, we need to be careful about understanding what the data tells us,鈥� cautions Miriam Krinsky, executive director of Fair and Just Prosecution, a nonprofit that advocates an 鈥渆quitable and compassionate justice system.鈥澛�

Retail shrink, in fact, includes everything from shoplifting and customer fraud to employee pilfering and inventory accounting mistakes. Still, the retail federation鈥檚 latest survey also reported a 26.5% increase in incidents of organized retail crime.聽A lot of this large-scale theft consists of聽under-the-radar looting such as cargo theft. Some of it is smash-and-grab theft by mobs. But a link between lone-actor shoplifters and organized crime rings is that serial offenders often sell their stolen wares to fences.聽

Other reports confirm the trend of thefts on the increase. When Business.org surveyed 700 small-businesses owners, it found a 54% spike in peak-season shoplifting in 2021. And while there aren鈥檛 comprehensive law enforcement figures, New York City revealed a 44% increase in shoplifting complaints between 2021 and 2022, part of a rising trend since 2018.聽

What are stores doing about it?

Inside pharmacies and big-box stores, it鈥檚 increasingly common for shopping aisles to be encased in plexiglass.

Earlier this year, a Walgreens executive told an anti-theft summit in Manhattan that 鈥渢he locks work.鈥� Well, mostly. A man recently walked into a Walgreens store in nearby Queens and used a blowtorch to open locked plastic cases. Other thieves use crowbars. One downside of the lock-and-key approach is the inconvenience of asking a store employee to open the glass doors.聽

鈥淚f it cuts down on the retail theft, then maybe it鈥檚 not a bad thing,鈥� says Mr. Herrmann, the associate professor at John Jay. 鈥淎t the same time, that鈥檚 when people like me would rely on Amazon.鈥澛�

Other stores are employing high-tech solutions such as face recognition cameras. Clothing stores are using ink-filled tags that explode when thieves try to remove them. Power tools sold at Lowe鈥檚 will only work once the bar code gets scanned at the cash register.

In June, a Walgreens in Chicago unveiled what media reports described as an 鈥渁nti-theft store.鈥� Most products are only available for pickup at the counter after customers select and buy them on automated kiosks. Meanwhile, a Safeway grocery store in Vallejo, California, recently pioneered its own tactic: metal gates at the store exit facing any shoplifter trying to escape.

Experts say security professionals need to be taught how to safely deter theft.

鈥淚f you see someone shoplifting, you go up to them and you still offer them customer service. You let them know, 鈥楬ey, sir, you know that those sunglasses you put in your jacket? Do you mind if I hold on to them while you continue to shop?鈥欌�� says David Rey, author of 鈥淟arceny on 34th Street: An In-Depth Look at Professional Shoplifting in One of the World鈥檚 Largest Stores.鈥� 鈥淵ou鈥檙e not being accusatory. You鈥檙e letting them know, 鈥業 saw what you did.鈥欌�澛�

Are there policy solutions?

A new federal law, the Inform Consumers Act, took effect in late June. The law requires online marketplaces such as eBay and Amazon to verify and share the identity of high-volume third-party sellers on their platforms. It鈥檚 a bid to trace organized crime groups that fence stolen goods online.

鈥淚f I鈥檓 on that Amazon third-party platform, I might get caught this time with my dummy account selling, you know, a Makita power source that I stole out of one of these home improvement centers,鈥� says Mark Johnson, senior vice president of policy at the Washington Retail Association.

The National Retail Federation wants Congress to establish a dedicated retail crime unit at Homeland Security Investigations. Thomas Hogan, an adjunct fellow at the Manhattan Institute and a former district attorney in Chester County, Pennsylvania, says that a more efficient solution is to get tough on crime at a local level. He criticizes聽a new wave of progressive prosecutors who won鈥檛 prosecute shoplifters unless the value of their stolen goods reaches a higher threshold than before. Under California鈥檚 Proposition 47, which passed in 2014, stealing anything worth less than $950 now constitutes a misdemeanor rather than a felony.聽

鈥淚f you decide, and announce, that you are not going to prosecute shoplifting, you鈥檙e going to have a lot of people shoplifting,鈥� says Mr. Hogan.聽

Others say the numbers don鈥檛 support that claim. They point to a 2018 Pew Charitable Trusts study finding that crimes fell in states that raised the threshold amounts for felonies. But the drop in crime rates may be illusory. Many retailers simply don鈥檛 report shoplifting crimes below the threshold.

In California, a bipartisan effort may resolve the question of whether raising the felony theft threshold has had an impact on crime. Lawmakers have asked an oversight commission for data, says Rachel Michelin, head of the California Retailers Association.

Is one answer to focus on repeat offenders?

Yes, some cities are trying that. Criminologists sometimes invoke the 80/20 rule: Twenty percent of criminals are causing 80% of the problem. That鈥檚 not a precise figure. But New York City police say 327 people accounted for a third of shoplifting arrests last year. As part of an initiative launched in March 2022, Seattle identified 168 repeat offenders, described as 鈥渉igh utilizers鈥� of the criminal justice system.聽

鈥淲hile most misdemeanors are not accepted in our jail system, if they are on the 鈥榟igh-utilizer鈥� list, they will be accepted for a booking,鈥� says Steven Strand, captain of the West Precinct of Seattle鈥檚 Police Department. 鈥淭hen the city attorney will quickly work the case to request the charges and proceed through the court system.鈥�

Result? A year into the initiative, the city attorney reported 750 fewer police referrals and thousands fewer criminal incidents.

In May, New York Mayor Eric Adams unveiled a multipronged anti-shoplifting program. Like Seattle, the city is focusing on serial shoplifters. It鈥檚 also dedicating resources to post-arrest treatment options for thieves dealing with substance abuse, mental health issues, and poverty. Some see it as a model path.

鈥淚 look to the group that Manhattan DA Alvin Bragg has pulled together, including local businesses and law enforcement and social service providers, to meet regularly and look at data and come up with solutions and recommendations thoughtfully for reducing this kind of behavior,鈥� says Ms. Krinsky of Fair and Just Prosecution. 鈥淭hat is how we need to approach it.鈥� 聽