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For decades, the Democratic Party has stood by Israel in times of war and peace.

Today, that support no longer looks so solid. In the Democratic-controlled Congress, more lawmakers are calling out Israel for its actions in its latest conflict with Hamas that ended in a cease-fire last week. And this poses a dilemma for President Joe Biden, a staunch ally of Israel who has vowed to make human rights a priority, not an afterthought in his administration. 听

On May 15, after the U.S. blocked United Nations efforts to seek a cease-fire in Gaza, where Israeli airstrikes had leveled residential buildings in retaliation for Hamas rockets, New York Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, a听Democrat, issued a caustic tweet. 鈥淚f the Biden administration can鈥檛 stand up to an ally,鈥� meaning Israel, 鈥渨ho can it stand up to? How can they credibly claim to stand for human rights?鈥�

Ms. Ocasio-Cortez and other Democratic critics say the United States looks hypocritical for standing unwaveringly by Israel even as it took actions in Jerusalem, the West Bank, and Hamas-controlled Gaza that a mounting international chorus condemned as gross violations of Palestinian rights.

And it鈥檚 not just firebrands in Congress who are challenging Mr. Biden to steer away from a traditional 鈥淚srael first and unquestioned鈥� approach to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and toward a more nuanced and balanced approach that puts human rights at the fore.

Democratic Sen. Bob Menendez of New Jersey, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and a longtime staunch Israel supporter, issued a statement on the same day as Ms. Ocasio-Cortez鈥檚 tweet. He called out Israel for 鈥渢he death of innocent civilians鈥� and for targeting a Gaza high-rise in which international media outlets had offices.

Taken together, this amounts to a wake-up call for the White House that the Democratic Party has now shifted on how it sees the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the U.S. role in addressing it.

鈥淲hat we鈥檝e seen over the past two weeks is a tectonic shift in the American approach to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and primarily from Congress, away from the standard 鈥業 stand with Israel鈥� response to a focus on the human rights and inalienable rights of the people suffering in this,鈥� says Hadar Susskind, president of Americans for Peace Now, a Jewish organization supporting both Israel and an equitable settlement of the conflict.听听听

鈥淣o one is saying that standing with Israel is a bad thing,鈥� he adds, 鈥渂ut rather that the same response people have given for 30 years in these situations is not a whole answer in terms of what we鈥檙e doing on the ground to make things better for Israelis and Palestinians alike.鈥�

Greater sympathy in Congress

The shift reflects a set of domestic factors, ranging from a more diverse class of Democratic members of Congress more sympathetic to the Palestinian cause and young American Jews willing to be more critical of Israel, to a backlash听to President Donald Trump鈥檚 鈥淚srael yes, Palestinians no鈥� approach.

For some, a year of U.S. and indeed global focus on issues of race and institutional discrimination following the death of George Floyd has also placed a new spotlight on the inequalities facing Palestinians living under Israeli occupation.

But Mr. Biden鈥檚 own emphasis on human rights and values like freedom and self-governance has also played a role in encouraging the trend, some political analysts say.听听

On Monday, more than 500 Biden campaign workers and Democratic staffers in Congress and elsewhere sent the president an open letter 鈥渋mploring鈥� him to 鈥渉old Israel accountable for its actions and lay the groundwork for justice and lasting peace.鈥�

The signatories then added, 鈥淭he very same values that motivated us to work countless hours to elect you demand that we speak out.鈥澨�

A rhetoric shift

At the same time, the shifting American outlook reflects a perspective gaining ground in Congress and elsewhere that unquestioned U.S. support, particularly under President Trump, has only emboldened Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to steamroll Palestinian demands for greater rights and justice.

The question now, some analysts say, will be to what extent Mr.听Biden will temper his support for Israel in order to incorporate the views of young progressives in his party. Last month, he promised to restore $235 million in aid to Palestinians that Mr. Trump had cut off. That was before the 11-day war erupted in Gaza after weeks of rising tensions in East Jerusalem over the eviction of Palestinian families.

Some already see evidence of a significant shift in Mr. Biden鈥檚 rhetoric. When he welcomed last week鈥檚 Israel-Hamas cease-fire, he used language that diplomats with long experience in Middle East affairs say carries weight in the region. 鈥淚 believe the Palestinians and Israelis equally deserve to live safely and securely and to enjoy equal measures of freedom, prosperity, and democracy,鈥� Mr. Biden said on May 20.

That reference by a U.S. president to equal treatment of Israelis and Palestinians may end up being remembered as the hallmark of this crisis.

鈥淔or the first time we have a president of the United States talking about equal [rights] ... that Palestinians and Israelis should enjoy equal measures of freedom, security, dignity, and so on,鈥� said Martin Indyk, a former U.S. ambassador to Israel and former assistant secretary of state for Near East affairs, speaking Friday at a Council on Foreign Relations event.

鈥淭hat word 鈥榚qual,鈥欌�� he added, 鈥渋s a sign for me that the argument about rights, rather than about a two-state solution, is what is emerging from this crisis.鈥澨� 听 听听

A consistent Israel ally

Some critics of Israeli policy saw Mr. Biden鈥檚 reference to Palestinian freedom and democracy as an unusually strong swipe at its occupation of the West Bank. But others with close knowledge of Mr. Biden鈥檚 thinking caution against expecting any significant change in his outlook.

鈥淗aving seen Biden in action ... and especially on these issues, he had a very clear sense of what was right and what wasn鈥檛 right, and he was pretty consistent in sticking by that,鈥� says Dennis Ross, a longtime Middle East adviser to administrations of both major parties who served as special assistant on the region to President Barack Obama.

鈥淪o, I suspect of course the arguments of those on the progressive wing are going to be heard, but how much they鈥檒l move him from what he thinks is the right way to proceed 鈥� I would have my doubts,鈥� adds Mr. Ross, now a distinguished fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy.

Indeed, Secretary of State Antony Blinken, meeting Tuesday in Jerusalem with Mr. Netanyahu on the first of three days in the region, underscored Mr. Biden鈥檚 overarching commitment to Israel鈥檚 security and right to defend itself: 鈥淔or the president, as many of you know, this commitment is personal. It runs deep. He has been one of Israel鈥檚 most steadfast supporters for the last 50 years.鈥�

But Mr. Blinken also echoed the language of Mr. Biden鈥檚 statement, saying Israelis and Palestinians 鈥渆qually deserve to live safely and securely鈥� and to 鈥渆njoy equal measures of freedom, opportunity, and democracy.鈥�

This suggests that the Biden administration has settled on a new rhetorical formula for addressing the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. But how far the administration moves from rhetoric to policy is unclear 鈥� just as it remains uncertain听whether those moves will be enough to satisfy Democrats clamoring for a new direction.