海角大神

When President Donald Trump unveiled his long-awaited Middle East peace plan in January, a major difference between the new effort and decades of dashed U.S. initiatives was the role the Trump administration envisioned for Arab-Israeli relations.

The Trump plan turned the traditional U.S. approach on its head: Instead of enticing Israel to reach a deal with the Palestinians by promising that peace with Arab countries would be Israel鈥檚 reward, Mr. Trump鈥檚 plan called for placing the priority on reaching normalized relations between Israel and the Arabs as a way of pressuring the Palestinians to strike a deal with Israel.

That new approach logged its first win Thursday with President Trump鈥檚 announcement from the Oval Office that Israel and the United Arab Emirates have agreed to start a process toward normalization of relations.

The agreement, to be negotiated in the coming weeks, would make the UAE only the third Arab country, after Egypt and Jordan, to establish diplomatic ties with the Jewish state.

Moreover, as part of the deal, the Israeli government has agreed to suspend, at least temporarily, any plans to annex large parts of the occupied West Bank, including lands the Palestinians see becoming part of an independent Palestine.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu鈥檚 agreement to shelve West Bank annexation allows Emirati Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed to secure his stature as the Gulf鈥檚 preeminent diplomatic force while claiming the deal preserves Palestinian aspirations for a viable independent state.

The deal announced Thursday, which the White House called a 鈥渉istoric diplomatic breakthrough,鈥� is clearly a feather in Mr. Trump鈥檚 foreign policy cap 鈥� a cap that by most estimations has had few feathers to boast.

The Israel-UAE deal 鈥渋s the first unambiguous diplomatic success for President Trump, and such successes are few and far between for any administration,鈥� says John Hannah, a senior counselor and expert in Arab politics at the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies in Washington.

Pointing to the renegotiation of NAFTA, relations with NATO, and North Korea diplomacy, Mr. Hannah says, 鈥淚t鈥檚 hard to identify an issue or accomplishment this president has made 鈥� that doesn鈥檛 have a serious element of controversy or criticism from other people.鈥�

But he notes that even former Vice President Joe Biden, the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee, praised this agreement.

Political benefit?

Political experts differ over whether the deal is likely to have any measurable impact on the president鈥檚 reelection fortunes. Most say the COVID-19 pandemic, the economy, and social unrest over race relations, leave little room for foreign policy issues to have an impact.

The deal may not deliver a bump in the polls, Mr. Hannah says, but it will likely energize the president鈥檚 supporters, among them evangelical 海角大神s who put a premium on Israel鈥檚 security.

鈥淔oreign policy always plays at the margins鈥� of presidential campaigns, he says, adding that 鈥渢his could be the gift that keeps on giving鈥� 鈥� especially if additional accords with Arab states allowed the White House to orchestrate 鈥渙ne of those iconic signing ceremonies on the South Lawn that everyone remembers.鈥�

Nevertheless, some regional experts remained cautious about Thursday鈥檚 deal, noting that within hours of President Trump鈥檚 announcement, both Israel and the UAE were issuing conflicting statements on what they had actually agreed to.

鈥淭here are more questions at this point than there are answers,鈥� says Shira Efron, a visiting fellow at the Institute for National Security Studies in Tel Aviv. 鈥淓ach side frames the accord very differently.鈥�

She notes the Emirati crown prince, known colloquially as MBZ, spoke of the agreement as a 鈥渞oadmap鈥� for establishing ties, while Mr. Netanyahu spoke in English of a full peace agreement 鈥� while then insisting in Hebrew that West Bank annexation 鈥渋s still on the table.鈥�

In the Oval Office, flanked by most of his top foreign policy and national security advisers, Mr. Trump hinted that additional similar announcements could be forthcoming from other countries.

Some regional experts pointed to Bahrain as the next likely candidate for any normalization plan with Israel.

Jared Kushner鈥檚 role

Mr. Trump鈥檚 Oval Office entourage included son-in-law Jared Kushner, who was largely credited by officials and outside experts with securing the diplomatic coup.

Speaking after Mr. Trump, Mr. Kushner said the president had instructed him to take 鈥渁n untraditional approach鈥� to the Middle East, advice he said has started to pay off. For his part, Mr. Trump said, referring to his son-in-law, that 鈥減eople don鈥檛 always understand what he鈥檚 able to do.鈥�

The president fancies himself, however, as the great deal-maker. Yet other diplomatic coups he has promised have proved to be illusive, which is one reason securing the Middle East breakthrough is clearly important to him.

Mr. Trump鈥檚 personal diplomacy with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un caused a lot of fanfare but achieved little, leaving the North Korean regime to develop more nuclear weapons and steadily perfected ICBM missiles.

The president did strike an initial trade deal with China in January. But since then relations with Beijing have sharply deteriorated in large part over the coronavirus pandemic, and now Mr. Trump has turned his back on a trade deal that in any case isn鈥檛 meeting modest expectations.

Mr. Trump鈥檚 Iran policy based on crushing sanctions has devastated the Iranian economy but alienated the U.S. from its traditional allies and left the regime in Tehran with a restarted nuclear program and making mischief in the region.

The president recently told a group of supporters that if reelected he would have a new deal with Iran 鈥渨ithin four weeks鈥� 鈥� which in any case was acknowledgment that his hopes of reaching a 鈥淭rump deal鈥� with Tehran in his first term had fallen short.

At the White House Thursday, national security adviser Robert O鈥橞rien said Mr. Trump had inherited a 鈥渕ess鈥� in the Middle East when he took office, but that the Israel-UAE deal was one more step in fixing the region. Few Middle East experts share that assessment, however, with many critical of a policy they say is based on waning U.S. focus on the region and lacking a strategic vision.

But some more supportive observers say the Israel-UAE deal will strengthen the U.S. effort to work with regional allies to counter Iran鈥檚 destabilizing activities. A normalization of business relations and security ties that had already existed not-so-secretly for years between Israel and the UAE will likely prompt other Arab states to follow suit, they say, and enable Israel and Gulf states to more effectively work to weaken Iran鈥檚 influence.

Some had doubted approach

Some regional experts acknowledge that the UAE-Israel deal represents a significant success for the Trump Middle East approach that they had doubted could work.

The UAE鈥檚 "willingness to move down the path to full diplomatic relations without settlement of the Palestinian issue" is clearly "in line with the Trump peace deal," says Michael Koplow, policy director at the Israel Policy Forum. 鈥淚 had been doubtful about that step,鈥� he says. The Israel Policy Forum is a New York-based organization that supports cementing Israel鈥檚 security through the conclusion of a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Additional success of the Arab-relations-first approach 鈥� for example a decision by Bahrain to follow Abu Dhabi鈥檚 lead 鈥� would constitute a further setback for the Palestinians, Mr. Koplow says.

"The Palestinians will have even less ability to pressure the Israeli government if they lose the normalization with Arabs" as a bargaining chip in negotiations, he estimates.

At the same time, however, some remained cautious about trumpeting the initial Israel-UAE deal as a cut-in-stone success. 鈥淏y the end of Thursday the UAE was tweeting that it would require a full rejection of annexation to go forward鈥� and not just Mr. Netanyahu鈥檚 suspension, says Ms. Efron, who is also a policy adviser with the Israel Policy Forum.

Still, Mr. Trump was happy to bask in the glow of the deal. At the Oval Office announcement, he said the deal would be known as the 鈥淎braham Accord鈥� in honor of the father of three faiths 鈥� 海角大神, Muslim, and Jewish. He then quipped that he 鈥渨anted it to be called the Donald J. Trump accord,鈥� but he said he 鈥渄idn鈥檛 think the press would understand that.鈥�