海角大神

At a night market in West Hartford, the smells of Vietnamese street food waft through the air, drawing the community into the open. Families descend on the cultural hub, eating together around folding tables with plastic chairs.聽

Laura Buffi had never attended the bazaar, but plans to bring her high school students back for a field trip. It鈥檚 the first night of the University of Connecticut鈥檚 Asian and Asian American Studies Curriculum Lab for K-12 teachers, and food is making it simpler to bridge cultural divides.聽

鈥淚t鈥檚 time we finally learn to understand each other,鈥� says Ms. Buffi, one of a dozen attendees at the lab held in July, the first of its kind in the state.聽

As students return to classrooms in the United States, a quiet revolution is underway. More states nationwide have passed laws to teach Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) history in public schools. In July, Delaware became the latest state to pass such a mandate, joining Connecticut, Illinois, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Florida, and Wisconsin.聽

In Connecticut, where the AAPI population has surged by more than 31% in the past decade, the push to include Asian American history is not just about education 鈥� it鈥檚 also about being neighborly.聽

鈥淭hese changes bring us all together to create and foster more understanding,鈥� says Swaranjit Singh Khalsa a Norwich, Connecticut, councilman who contributed to the passage of his state鈥檚 mandate. 鈥淭he curriculum is not only going to educate our kids but our teachers, our professors, and our parents. So I think we are creating a much more educated society. It鈥檚 not just limited to schools.鈥澛�

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders make up聽one of the fastest-growing populations in the U.S. Yet their longstanding history in America is largely omitted from the classroom, says Jason Chang, director of the Asian and Asian American Studies Institute at the University of Connecticut and a co-founder of the state鈥檚 first Make Us Visible chapter.

His department at the university organized the July curriculum lab, where teachers connected with community leaders and representatives, who trained the teachers on their history, culture, and misconceptions.

鈥淭he goal was to give teachers more first hand experience and give some visibility for communities that are underrepresented,鈥� says Mr. Chang. 鈥淲e wanted teachers to ground the inquiries that they鈥檙e bringing into the classroom with experience beyond their formal education.鈥�

Some 18 states had no content on Asians in their K-12 history curriculum standards, a national study published in 2022 found.

When textbooks did include parts of AAPI history, according to the study, by Kennesaw State University Professor Sohyun An, it was mainly about the U.S. internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, or the Chinese Exclusion Act in the 19th century. Yet 22 million Asian Americans trace their roots to more than 20 countries, according to聽Pew Research Center.聽

鈥淚t鈥檚 sad enough that our Asian students don鈥檛 have teachers or staff members who look like them. The texts we use don鈥檛 even mention them,鈥� says Regina Gatmaitan, one of the few Filipino teachers in her district in Manchester, Connecticut, and a participant in the curriculum lab.

At least students鈥� learning materials can reflect their stories and cultures, she explains. 鈥淲e need to teach Asian American history and stories because they鈥檙e vital,鈥� she adds. Not doing so is 鈥渁 disservice to everyone 鈥� not just the Asian community, but all communities.鈥�

How have hate crimes influenced what鈥檚 taught in schools?聽

A rise in hate crimes has offered urgency to the education mission. In 2021, anti-Asian hate crimes increased by 339% over the previous year, according to the Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism. Nearly 11,000 incidents were self-reported, mostly by women, to the organization Stop AAPI Hate between 2020 and 2022.聽

Nearly 1 in 3 Asian Americans reported that they had been called a racial or ethnic slur聽in the prior year in The Asian American Foundation鈥檚 annual Social Tracking of Asian Americans in the United States Index, released in May. Nearly 3 in 10 Asian Americans reported they were verbally harassed or abused during the previous 12 months because of their race, ethnicity, or religion.

As incidents have increased, more states have begun mandating that Asian American history be taught in kindergarten through 12th grade. In 2021, Illinois became the very first state with the Teaching Equitable Asian American Community History Act. After Gov. J.B. Pritzker signed it into law, coalitions, such as Make Us Visible Connecticut and Make Us Visible New Jersey, successfully launched campaigns pushing for legislation in their states.

Educators and advocates say the current teaching mandates are underfunded. In Rhode Island, the law outlined a September 2023 rollout,聽鈥渉owever, it provided no funding for the curriculum and left school districts to fend for themselves,鈥� says Jeannie Salomon, founder and director of the Cultural Society for Entrepreneurship, Bilingualism, Resources and Inspirations, which is leading Rhode Island鈥檚 local efforts to teach AAPI history.

The University of Connecticut鈥檚 Asian and Asian American Studies Institute partnered with The Asian American Foundation to develop a state model curriculum for their state鈥檚 implementation of AAPI history in 2025.聽

鈥淔oundations cannot do this work in perpetuity,鈥� says the foundation鈥檚 education officer Terry Park. 鈥淲e need federal and state governments to commit the necessary funding and other forms of support to ensure these mandates are fully implemented.鈥�

New lessons for a new school year

As schools reopen, teachers say that connecting students with the AAPI community should be woven into subjects other than history and extend beyond the classroom.

Ms. Gatmaitan will be teaching sixth grade social studies and life sciences this fall. She plans to connect her lessons to the contributions of AAPI scientists. 鈥淚鈥檓 looking forward to seeing young people realize that their peers come from a rich heritage and that we can celebrate that together,鈥� she says.

In the past, after hearing from parents that their children had never had a teacher who looked like them, Ms. Gatmaitan started bringing in fairy tales from Asian perspectives for her students in third grade 鈥� like Cinderella鈥檚 rags-to-riches story, but told through the lens of Hmong, Chinese, or Korean families.聽

Ms. Buffi hopes to deepen her ties with local AAPI community groups by planning field trips to cultural centers, such as a Sikh art gallery, and inviting more speakers into her classroom.聽

鈥淭his is what we do,鈥� she says. 鈥淲e are here to help our students grow.鈥�