海角大神

Ma鈥檏ayla Hill rocks on her pink and white sneakers as she presents her poster. On one side, her stick-figure cartoons depict the way people often see Baltimore: A man shoots a boy who owes him money; the victim鈥檚 sister runs to get their mother; her speech bubble reads, 鈥淥MG My Son.鈥�

鈥淏ut my perspective of Baltimore City is everyone having fun 鈥� at our friend鈥檚 house or at a playground,鈥� the eighth-grader says, pointing to the other side, with drawings of kids on swings. 鈥淏altimore can be a wonderful place once we all come together.鈥澛�

Her poster鈥檚 contrasts are echoed in the dichotomies of daily life for many students here at Booker T. Washington Middle School for the Arts: Fear and hope, struggle and success, school lockdowns and an insistence that their voices be heard.

Providing channels for students to express their perspectives is one goal of BMore Me, a new curriculum launched this spring with sixth-, eighth-, and ninth-graders in Baltimore City Public Schools (BCPS).聽While it taps into the local community, it is built on a foundation rich in history, geography, and civics.

Many educators have long felt that curriculum is an either-or proposition: Present it as is, and risk losing students鈥� interest, or modify and supplement it to keep them engaged but risk watering down required content.聽Increasingly, district leaders are determined to forge a third way: Offer high-quality curriculum that actually inspires students 鈥� and equip teachers to implement it faithfully.

For BCPS chief executive Sonja Santelises, it鈥檚 a moral imperative to offer students both mirrors and windows 鈥� reflections of their own lives, and opportunities to learn about new topics that could lead to previously unimagined futures.聽To do any less, especially for the most disadvantaged students, amounts to 鈥減rofessional malpractice,鈥� Dr. Santelises says.

鈥淲e felt an urgency around [students鈥橾 need to be able to understand the fuller context and history of their city, beyond just what was playing in media clips of folks out in the streets in Baltimore or the latest murder rate or the latest scandal,鈥� she adds.

鈥楪ame changer鈥� for students

The 15-week units revolve around a key question at each grade level.聽Sixth-graders explore 鈥淲ho deserves a monument?鈥� by looking at heroes in history and mythology and discussing who is honored locally. Eighth-graders consider 鈥淲hat is Baltimore鈥檚 story,鈥� contrasting dominant narratives and alternative points of view. U.S. history students in high school dive into maps, the history of redlining, and community interviews to inform projects addressing 鈥淗ow can we build a better Baltimore?鈥�

Nationally, more than half the states, including Maryland, have shifted in recent years to encourage this type of inquiry approach to social studies teaching, says Lawrence Paska, executive director of the National Council for the Social Studies. Because such inquiries often lead to doing something with the knowledge they gain, whether a classroom presentation or community project, he says, it鈥檚 a 鈥済ame changer鈥� for students.

About 80% of students in BCPS are black, and they already had more content centered around African Americans than many school districts offer, but much of it focused narrowly on slavery or the 1960s.

鈥淭he narrative we were creating for a lot of our young people in Baltimore was that African American history was just a sad, depressing, beat down, violent experience,鈥� Dr. Santelises says. 鈥淲e missed components like the Harlem Renaissance, the Great Migration, Tuskegee Airmen, 鈥� all of this rich history that actually pointed to strength.鈥�

Social studies isn鈥檛 the only subject that鈥檚 changing. When BCPS asked experts at Johns Hopkins University to analyze their English Language Arts content, the results shocked Dr. Santelises.

鈥淭here were whole sections of knowledge that young people did not have access to,鈥� she says. 鈥淜ids in Baltimore City should learn about Chaucer 鈥� and we have seventh-graders that are now reading excerpts of 鈥楾he Canterbury Tales.鈥� ... But they also have [local] authors, like D. Watkins, coming in the classrooms saying, 鈥楾hese are texts that represent your lives,鈥欌�� she says.

Even so, the broader equity concerns are stark. 鈥淔our out of 10 classrooms with a majority of students of color never teach a single grade-level assignment,鈥� says David Steiner, executive director of the Johns Hopkins Institute for Education Policy. 鈥淢uch of this is about teacher belief. We have to persuade teachers that students can do it.鈥�

Adopting a strong curriculum districtwide is not a silver bullet, but studies suggest it can produce learning gains equivalent to several additional months of instruction, notes a report from Chiefs for Change, a nonprofit group of state and city school leaders, including Dr. Santelises.

That can require a paradigm shift. American teachers have long been accustomed to crafting much of their own curriculum 鈥� often searching Google or Pinterest for support, surveys have found.

One way district leaders sought buy-in for curriculum shifts in Baltimore was by assuring teachers that longstanding efforts to make lessons culturally relevant would be maintained. To create BMore Me, which will expand into all middle school grades and three years of high school in the fall, teachers collaborated with curriculum experts and local cultural and civic representatives.聽

Boosting motivation and engagement

Culturally relevant curriculum can increase motivation and engagement, says Thomas Dee, a Stanford education professor. When San Francisco piloted a ninth-grade ethnic-studies course, students had better attendance, scored 1.4 points higher in their GPAs, and went on to earn 23 more credits in high school than a comparison group of academically similar students who took traditional social studies, Professor Dee and Emily Penner of the University of California, Irvine, found in a study. California is now considering taking the ethnic studies class statewide.

In Baltimore, 鈥渢he key feature for them is telling their story,鈥� says Robin Lewis, the teacher whose eighth-grade students are rotating around the classroom, abuzz with rapid-fire presentations and questions about the posters.聽聽

Kyja Wilson, whose smile seems to last the entire 90-minute class, says she likes BMore Me because 鈥測ou get to express yourself using things other than negativity.鈥� That鈥檚 important, she says, because 鈥渟ome kids actually feel hopeless and feel like they can鈥檛 help our city.鈥�

Vanessa Mackin, who often worries something bad will happen to her when she鈥檚 riding the bus to get home, says she wants to become a police officer and reduce what she sees as the force鈥檚 aggressive behavior. 鈥淚 just want to change this city,鈥� she says.