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鈥淢s. Marvel,鈥� which debuts Wednesday on Disney+, features an unconventional superhero: a teenage Muslim girl.听

Kamala Khan is a New Jersey high school student whose traditional, Pakistan-born parents worry that she doesn鈥檛 have a direction in life. Kamala is, however, passionate about one hobby: She鈥檚 a fangirl of The Avengers 鈥� especially Captain Marvel. One day, while furtively attending a comic book convention dressed as her idol, Kamala gains powers that transform her into a real superhero.听

The lead actor in 鈥淢s. Marvel,鈥� Iman Vellani, has a backstory that鈥檚 as meta as that of the origin story that unfolds on screen. Growing up, Ms. Vellani was an ardent fan of the 鈥淢s. Marvel鈥� comic books that the TV series is based on. She only auditioned for the role because, as she told The Hollywood Reporter, 鈥渕y 10-year-old self is going to hate me if I don鈥檛 do it.鈥� Now she, too, has become the hero she idolizes.

When underrepresented groups see themselves on the page and on the screen, it can have an empowering effect. Just ask Ms. Vellani. But until recently, the most well-known on-screen heroes in capes, spandex, and armor have largely been white. (Well, perhaps not the Hulk.)

Now, Hollywood is starting to break the mold.听A number of upcoming movies听include people of color with superpowers. The film industry is belatedly realizing that there鈥檚 an audience demand for iconic characters who reflect today鈥檚 multicultural society. One yardstick of how much things have changed: J.J. Abrams is producing a Black Superman movie written by journalist and author听Ta-Nehisi Coates.

Credit comic books for being first to create diverse superheroes 鈥� including LGBTQ characters 鈥� who can now be adapted to the screen. Advocates for cultural pluralism in storytelling say that diverse superheroes can offer valuable insights into other people鈥檚 experiences. But, some add, the traits that make superheroes universally relatable are the underlying flaws, moral conundrums, and insecurities that speak to all of us.听

鈥淚t does matter that people who are at the margins see themselves as being participants in the center of building and creating and being heroic in this world,鈥� says Adilifu Nama, author of 鈥淪uper Black: American Pop Culture and Black Superheroes.鈥� 鈥淚t gives [audiences] an opportunity to at least challenge their ... notions of what diversity can be, should be,听and they can take actual joy in the diversity that they bear witness to. It doesn鈥檛 always have to be an imposition.鈥�

In 2018, 鈥淏lack Panther鈥� disproved Hollywood鈥檚 conventional wisdom that a Black superhero film wouldn鈥檛 have worldwide appeal. Now, many more like it are in the works. The success of 鈥淏lack Panther鈥� opened the door for Marvel movies with Asian leads, including 鈥淪hang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings鈥� and 鈥淓ternals.鈥� Puerto Rican rapper Bad Bunny will soon star as Marvel鈥檚 first Latino superhero in the movie 鈥淓l Muerto.鈥� And this听fall, the formidable biceps of Dwayne 鈥淭he Rock鈥� Johnson will stretch the spandex supersuit of the DC Comics character Black Adam.

In Hollywood, money speaks loudest. A UCLA study of English-language movies released in 2021 found that people of color had a significant impact on box-office revenue, especially on opening weekends. But that鈥檚 not the sole reason the film industry is trying to increase diversity in front of, and behind, the camera.听

鈥淗ollywood executives don鈥檛 want to be embarrassed anymore,鈥� says Tim Gray, awards editor of features and senior vice president for Variety. 鈥淲hen #OscarsSoWhite started that movement, I think it was January 2015 when the Oscar nominations came out, it was like a wake-up call. It鈥檚 like, 鈥楲ook, people are watching you and people are going to hold you accountable.鈥欌�澨�听

When it comes to diversity, comic books have often been out front. After all, in the United States, Stan Lee and Jack Kirby created the first African superhero, Black Panther, back in 1966. Other Black icons such as The Falcon, Blade, and Luke Cage followed in the Marvel universe soon afterward.

鈥淭he consumer now has to deal with a new type of Black person 鈥� a Black person that can fly, not a Black person that says, 鈥榊essir, boss,鈥欌�� says Dr. Nama, who is a professor of African American studies at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles. 鈥淭hey are symbols of racial reconciliation. Because these are Black superheroes who ... do not fight to save just one particular racial or ethnic group. They are here to serve and save humanity. So they speak to a type of ethical and moral expression of equality.鈥澨�听

Kwanza Osajyefo, a writer who has worked at Marvel and DC Comics, independently released an even more radical comic story. 鈥淏lack鈥� imagines a society where only Black people have superpowers. A highly anticipated sequel, 鈥淲hite,鈥� released in 2021, was inspired by the racial tension of Trump-era politics.听

Mr. Osajyefo told the Monitor that new and refreshing stories are emerging from artists within the uplifting and tightknit Black comic community. He hopes that the future of Black storytelling is one that includes youth, especially those underserved in economically unstable communities.

In recent years, famous characters in print have also been recast as different racial identities 鈥� sometimes as alternate versions of superheroes. For example, the alter ego of Silk, who has powers similar to Spider-Man鈥檚, is a Korean American teenager named Cindy Moon. Amadeus Cho, an Asian nerd, transforms into the Hulk-like Brawn. Riri Williams, a genius 15-year-old Black teen, makes her own version of an Iron Man suit to become Ironheart. Riri will make her big-screen debut in November in 鈥淏lack Panther: Wakanda Forever.鈥�

New iterations of icons such as Green Lantern, Batwoman, The Flash, and Superman: Son of Kal-El have also come out as gay, bisexual, nonbinary.听

Susan Kirtley, director of comics studies at Portland State University in Oregon, says that some fans, attached to the characters they grew up with, express racism, sexism, and homophobia about revisions to characters.听鈥淭here was a lot of pushback when a female picked up the hammer and became the new Thor. ... There鈥檚 a couple of great scenes [in the comics] where the new female Thor is fighting against a character called Absorbing Man. It was really delightfully on the nose because Absorbing Man was acting like one of the [internet] trolls,鈥� she says.

The inclusion of previously underrepresented identities in comic books reflects how the industry has changed. An increasing number of the writers and illustrators behind these creations are female, LGBTQ, and people of color. Sometimes, their creations are meant to provoke political or cultural conversation. In a 2014 comic, the Falcon inherited the role of Captain America. That storyline carried over into the movie 鈥淎vengers: Endgame鈥� and the subsequent TV series 鈥淭he Falcon and the Winter Soldier.鈥�

On the small screen, TV networks and streamers have experimented more with appealing to niche audiences 鈥� with mixed results. The Ava DuVernay-helmed 鈥淣aomi鈥� on the CW, about a Black teen, lasted just one season this past year. Netflix鈥檚 鈥淩aising Dion,鈥� from Michael B. Jordan (鈥淏lack Panther鈥�), about a mom raising a Black child with superpowers, was just canceled after two seasons.

鈥淢s. Marvel鈥� is an example of a story that reflects its roots. The character lives in a New Jersey neighborhood similar to the one that co-creator Sana Amanat, a Pakistani American, grew up in. Ms. Amanat and writer G. Willow Wilson wanted to challenge stereotypes of Muslims and also tell a story about someone defying labels and categories to find their true self. As if to underscore that Kamala is no conventional superhero, her costume features a silk scarf 鈥� reflecting her Pakistani heritage 鈥� rather than a cape.听

The universality of 鈥淢s. Marvel鈥� stems from the fact that Kamala鈥檚 story isn鈥檛 a generic tale of how teens often clash with their parents, says Hussein Rashid, co-editor of 鈥淢s. Marvel鈥檚 America: No Normal,鈥� a book of essays about the comic book character鈥檚 impact on culture. It鈥檚 the specificity of her story as someone with a Pakistani heritage that offers a realism that draws us in 鈥� and also reveals that some broader human experiences are common to every race and ethnicity, even if the particular manifestations are different.听

鈥淭his is the power of story,鈥� says Dr. Rashid. 鈥淚t鈥檚 not lecturing at you. It鈥檚 saying, 鈥楬ere鈥檚 this character鈥檚 experience. We鈥檙e inviting you to that experience and inviting you to think and reflect on your own experiences.鈥� And that鈥檚 the work of great art.鈥�