海角大神

Some of the world鈥檚 great collaborators just might live in your backyard.

They are part fungus and part algae or cyanobacteria, living in symbiosis. And they can be found on every continent in the world. In Canada, many residents may recognize lichen from local parks or favorite hiking trails, but they鈥檇 be hard-pressed to name them 鈥撀爑ntil now.

A group of enthusiasts is pushing forward with a plan to get Canada to adopt a 鈥渘ational lichen.鈥� And more than 18,000 Canadians weighed in on a vote organized by the Canadian Museum of Nature in Ottawa. The star-tipped reindeer lichen, which resembles a mat of soft tufted cauliflower,聽emerged victorious, with 26.6% of the vote. Now the results will be handed to the Department of Canadian Heritage to consider.

This all may seem a frivolous venture during the coronavirus pandemic. But Toby Spribille, who studies lichen symbioses at the University of Alberta, says on the contrary it鈥檚 come at a time when people are reconnecting with nature. It鈥檚 also a time when people, confronting a universal vulnerability that calls for global cooperation to beat it, are rethinking complex systems.

鈥淭here鈥檚 something about lichens that forces people to think about working together,鈥� he says. 鈥渂ecause as soon as people realize that it鈥檚 a symbiosis ... it gets them thinking about organisms that work together with each other.鈥澛�

What鈥檚 more, lichens exemplify a kind of natural stability that has endured for millions of years, he adds. 鈥淎 lichen is basically a looking glass into another way of being.鈥�

If adopted, Canada would become the first country in the world to recognize the composite organism (only California has gone so far, when it chose for the state the lace lichen in 2015).

Canada has among the highest lichen biomass in the world, competing only with Russia. They are most abundant in boreal forests and across the Arctic. It is the primary winter food source for one of Canada鈥檚 most beloved animals, the caribou, which graces the Canadian quarter, and provides nesting and camouflage for other species. It has been used by First Nations in dyes and medicine. Some fix atmospheric nitrogen for the soil and prevent erosion. They are also indicators of air pollution.

The project has aimed to generate 鈥渁 greater awareness of this pretty important group that鈥檚 everywhere that nobody seems to know about,鈥� says Troy McMullin, a research scientist and lichenologist with the Canadian Museum of Nature.

For many in Canada and around the world, nature has become one of the only escapes from full or near lockdown, as residents have been asked to stay at home to slow the spread of COVID-19. Many people are finding comfort in new connections to the natural world, either in their own backyards or area parks.聽

This reporter was prompted by the vote to take her daughter on a lichen hunt in Toronto鈥檚 High Park, where candle flame lichen became the subject of an impromptu science class.

The race, whose results were released today, stirred passion about lichens that took even the organizers, and some voters themselves, by surprise. Choosing among seven lichens (narrowed down from more than 2,500 species in Canada) with names like common freckle pelt, horsehair, elegant sunburst, and of course the winning star-tipped reindeer, there was no lack of interest or division.

On one Reddit thread before voting wrapped up, one user wrote: 鈥淭his is something I had no idea would be important to me. Voted.鈥�

Another: 鈥淚 am glad for this opportunity to fulfill my national duty.鈥�

One user gunning for the winner wrote it was obviously superior 鈥渢o all other lichen. Anyone who says otherwise is a fool.鈥� And a dissenting voice: 鈥淐ommon freckle pelt, or die.鈥�

This all illustrates a certain fervor in the world of lichens, even if lichenologists insist they're not as fanatical as birders. In 2015, a similar vote in Canada turned divisive over the rival merits of the loon and the grey jay; in the end, no national bird was selected.

Still Dr. McMullin talks in tones that match lichens鈥� colorful names.聽鈥淎ll throughout the boreal forest, they鈥檙e dripping from the trees,鈥� he says. 鈥淚 call them the corals of the forest with these bright, brilliant colors, amazing shapes and forms.鈥�

Whether a national lichen could ever be as universally recognizable as the maple, the country鈥檚 national tree, remains to be seen. But Dr. McMullin puts heart into his defense. 鈥淲hy is a tree more important than a lichen? Because it鈥檚 big?鈥� he says. 鈥淲e should appreciate the small things in life, because they鈥檙e all part of an ecological system that we are part of.鈥�