海角大神

Isaiah Eaton takes the Senate floor with a three-ring binder in his hand and braces on his teeth.

His mission: to convince his fellow senators in this high school congressional debate to support a resolution for听Puerto Rico to become the 51^st听state in America.

鈥淒emocracy is the lifeblood of a functional society,鈥� begins Senator Eaton, referencing the late Yale political scientist Robert Dahl. 鈥淎s the Congress of the United States of America 鈥� we must allow Puerto Rico to have statehood because firstly, the people want it and they are part of our democracy. Secondly, the only reason they aren鈥檛 a state is because of misguided 1920s policies.鈥�

Four years ago, Eaton joined the speech and debate team here at Andover High School as a new African-American kid trying to fit into an affluent white community. Today he performs so well in the competition that not only does the Puerto Rico resolution pass, but he is also one of two student senators chosen to represent his district at the National Speech and Debate Association (NSDA) tournament this June. The other is Mel Tamhane, who is just a sophomore at Wichita East 鈥� one of America鈥檚 top schools in speech and debate,听where the team is set to grow from 72 to more than 100 members next year.

Last year, 5,200 students competed in speech and debate events at the high school national championship, which has more than doubled in size since the 1990s. Some 140,000 students around the country are now involved in NSDA. At a time when the country seems to have forgotten how to have reasoned argument, these participants are displaying skills their coaches say are even better than adult politicians鈥�.听

Qualifying for nationals is no small feat in Kansas, where the competition can be fierce. For a state with more cornstalks than people, it has done extraordinarily well on the national stage for nearly a century. The tight-knit community of dedicated coaches, many of whom have been involved since they were in high school, cultivate students in a pipeline that stretches from 9^th听grade through college graduation. A pair of University of Kansas debaters just beat Harvard and Georgetown to win听the school鈥檚 sixth national collegiate debate championship听in late March.听

鈥淲e punch above our weight,鈥� says Eaton. 鈥淚 believe there鈥檚 a stigma around Kansas that we鈥檙e just a bunch of farmers鈥�. They鈥檙e like, 鈥極h, you grow corn 鈥� and the Wizard of Oz.鈥� 鈥�

Why Kansas?

Kansas accounts for less than 1 percent of the US population, but it supplies 5 percent of participants in the National Speech and Debate Association, says NSDA Executive Director J. Scott Wunn. It is not far behind California, which accounts for 8 percent of total participants but has 13 times more people than Kansas. Overall, the Sunflower State is one of the top five states in the US in terms of per capita debate participation.听

There are various theories as to why Kansas has so many home-grown debaters. For starters, the state itself was conceived amid a debate over the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act, which forced residents to take sides over slavery. The situation turned violent and led to the seven years known as Bleeding Kansas. Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas drew massive crowds debating the merits of the act in 1858.听And in听high-school debate, Kansas has a strong tradition going back to the 1920s, when it established some of the charter chapters of what later became the NSDA, and from there developed a robust local circuit.

鈥淢y听argument has always been 鈥� I can go 20 miles with my best teams and we can get beaten,鈥� says听Pam McComas, who coached Topeka High School to an eight-year winning streak at state championships and also produced five national champions before retiring several years ago.

Kansas debate teams attract everyone from competitive swimmers to budding thespians. Some wear red Make America Great Again hats; others participated in the recent walkouts over guns. They come from schools where every child has a laptop, and others where the coach scrounges together a dozen computers for 40 students.

But everyone works hard. They spend up to 30 hours a week or more on debate. They immerse themselves in the Constitution, quote Noam Chomsky, and cart around plastic tubs full of research, while their underpaid coaches spend lunch breaks poring over law reviews. They want to be senators and judges, and maybe even president. Famous former debaters range from Vice President Mike Pence and Malcolm X to former Attorney General Janet Reno and Oprah Winfrey.

Seeing both sides

While they are still just gangly teenagers, they are doing something that many polished politicians rarely do today: understanding and articulating both sides of an issue.

鈥淚 do think debate forces you to talk about it, to hear the other side,鈥� says Ben Engle, a student at Kapaun Mt. Carmel Catholic High School in Wichita, Kan.

鈥淣ot just hear them, but defend their beliefs,鈥� says Kapaun student Bobby Phillips, who along with his partner Dominik Lett is one of the top nationally ranked policy debaters.

鈥淭hat鈥檚 the thing that we don鈥檛 do well as people anymore is looking at the other person鈥檚 perspective and understanding their position, and what their arguments are, and then finding a way to engage in that productively. And that鈥檚 what debate creates,鈥� says Mike Harris, who coached Mr. Phillips and Mr. Lett last year before taking over Wichita East鈥檚 program. 鈥淪o hopefully you鈥檙e creating a model for young people to try to transcend some of the nastiness in the world we live in today.鈥�

They bring that home, too.

Amit Tamhane, who drops Mel off at Wichita East by听6:50 a.m.听every morning for debate and picks him up between 5:30 and 6 p.m., says he鈥檚 learned a lot from the discussions they鈥檝e had about issues, such as genetically modified organisms. He even concedes that his views have changed as a result.

鈥淚t鈥檚 good to see things from a different perspective 鈥� good for all of us, not just the kids,鈥� he says.