海角大神

To Lee Pillaro, trout are more than slender freshwater fish with minuscule scales.

鈥淔rom our business standpoint, we view those trout as business partners,鈥� says the fly fisher. 鈥淧ersonally, I consider them friends.鈥�

That鈥檚 why Mr. Pillaro is joining other anglers and guides respecting voluntary fishing closures throughout the drought-parched Colorado Western Slope. By adhering to requests from the state, they look at short-term sacrifices as helping the long-term benefit of fisheries.

鈥淚 think we鈥檝e always had good compliance,鈥� says northwest Colorado鈥檚 senior aquatic biologist Lori Martin. She credits strong partnership and communication with local recreationists.

Fish stress

Colorado, like much of the Western United States, is racked by ongoing drought that scientists say is worsened by climate change. Ms. Martin and her team at Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW) are trying to reel in drought effects on fisheries 鈥撎齟specially since these areas include听fish like trout that thrive in colder waters.听

High water temperatures, along with low flows and oxygen levels, all threaten their well-being. Under these conditions, even catch-and-release fishing and handling can tucker out trout to the point of death. And stressed fish may not be able to spawn successfully in the fall.听

That鈥檚 why the state is calling for voluntary fishing closures 鈥撎齜oth full and half day 鈥撎齩n parts of some Colorado rivers this summer. Given that many variables affect fish stress, Ms. Martin says it鈥檚 difficult to determine the impact of closures. But relieving pressure from fishing is one factor humans can control.

Even though most waterways are untouched by these closures, 鈥渋t鈥檚 not an easy decision to restrict anglers from fishing opportunity. We take it seriously,鈥� says John Alves, senior aquatic biologist for southwest Colorado. The state encourages recreationists to seek opportunities in cooler waters, such as on early-morning excursions or at higher altitudes.

For Roaring Fork Fishing Guide Alliance President Kyle Holt in Basalt, compliance has meant offering shorter tours.听

鈥淚鈥檓 pretty sure that most of us have sacrificed a little bit of business,鈥� and customers have also sacrificed, says Mr. Holt, a guide himself. 鈥淚t鈥檚 just something that we need to do ... for the future of the fishery.鈥�

Mr. Holt brings along a hand-held thermometer in his boat, and says he was testing water temperatures before the state called for a voluntary closure on part of the Roaring Fork River last month.听Though he鈥檚 been able to resume full tours since the state lifted the half-day pause on Aug. 10, he says he鈥檒l continue to monitor water temperatures himself.

Eleven听of these voluntary fishing pauses are currently in place. Besides weather forecasts, CPW considers these potential triggers before calling for a closure:

• Daily maximum water temperature is hotter than 71 degrees Fahrenheit听
• Stream flows are less than or equal to half their daily average听
• Fish appear to be 鈥渧isibly deteriorating鈥澨�
• Daily dissolved oxygen is less than 6 parts per million听
• Other factors disrupt fish habitat (like fire, for instance)

Communities can also implement their own recreational or commercial closures, and CPW can mandate fishing pauses if conditions turn dire. One state closure on the Yampa River has been mandatory since May, meaning people caught angling can be fined and accrue points toward a suspension of fishing privileges.听

Voluntary closures are 鈥渁 better opportunity for outreach and education,鈥� says Holly Loff, executive director of the Eagle River Watershed Council based in Gypsum.

Her nonprofit plays a role in that education, by publishing a daily email with local water temperatures and tips for responsible fishing. Similarly, the Roaring Fork Fishing Guide Alliance posts river updates on social media.听

鈥淲hen you explain things to people in a way that it makes sense to them, they鈥檙e like, 鈥極h, yeah ... we鈥檙e all in for that,鈥欌�� says Mr. Holt.

Based on what wildlife officers have observed, CPW biologists report that the public is largely complying with the fishing closures.

鈥淚 think with the ongoing drought, people are becoming more and more aware of what is happening with our rivers ... and having to understand the balance of being able to enjoy them, but also being able to protect and conserve them,鈥� says Ms. Martin.听

Other Western states, including Oregon and Montana, have also enacted fishing closures 鈥撎齭ometimes called 鈥渉oot owl鈥� restrictions. Faced with an imperiled salmon population, California wildlife officials have held off releasing over 1 million young fish into the wild until river conditions improve, holding them at hatcheries instead,听reports The Associated Press.

鈥淗ealthy respect鈥�

For Mr. Pillaro in Durango, mandatory closures might be better for getting more tourists to comply. But overall, he reports good compliance among fellow anglers and guides, from his vantage point as a sales manager and fly-casting instructor at the fly-fishing outfitter Duranglers听Flies and Supplies.

The state called for a half-day closure on roughly 12 miles of the Dolores River for the first time this year. As of the morning of Aug. 17, this area recorded a flow of 4.7 cubic feet per second 鈥撎�93% less flow than its historical average, according to state data. While Duranglers leads trips in other locations as well, Mr. Pillaro says the company has lost some business by avoiding that troubled area.听听

Drought-related fishing closures aren鈥檛 new, but the timing has changed. 鈥淩eally the only surprising thing this year was how early in the year [the state] had to do it, because the flows were so low,鈥� says Christopher Myrick, professor of fish biology at Colorado State University.听

In the worst-case scenario, the state could restock fish-depleted rivers from hatcheries, he says, but it would 鈥渢ake years.鈥� Plus, the state hatchery system doesn鈥檛 raise all the species currently found in the wild.

In the meantime, Mr. Pillaro says he鈥檚 trying听to educate customers about the importance of pausing plans when river conditions are subpar.

鈥淓verybody that鈥檚 in the fly-fishing community and industry, I think we all have a healthy respect and love for the fish and don鈥檛 want to do anything that鈥檚 going to cause them any harm,鈥� says the angler.