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A US State Department report released late last week that was noncommittal on the environmental impact of the proposed Keystone XL pipeline is galvanizing opponents of the controversial project who say President Obama is backing away from his commitment to combat climate change.

In the months leading up to a final decision in late summer, the pipeline鈥檚 opponents say they plan to use methods ranging from public hearings to civil disobedience to persuade his administration to stop the pipeline from moving forward.

The 1,700-mile pipeline extension, which needs federal approval because it crosses the border between the US and Canada, is a lightning rod issue among environmental groups who say it is dangerous because it will carry oil extracted from Canada鈥檚 oil sands region. The harvesting of such oil, they say, produces up to 30 percent more greenhouses gases than does the extraction of conventional crude oil. There are also worries about potential spills from the pipeline, which is planned to traverse much of the nation鈥檚 most sensitive agricultural terrain.

Mr. Obama has tabled the decision twice, citing environmental safety concerns in Nebraska, where the original plans had the Keystone XL stretching along the Ogallala Aquifer, an underground water supply that is the greatest irrigation source for the nation鈥檚 farmland, supplying eight states. The president ultimately blocked the pipeline鈥檚 approval in January 2012, which allowed TransCanada, the Calgary-based pipeline operator, to draft a new proposal in May.

Accompanying TransCanada鈥檚 proposal to build the pipeline were promises of job creation and improved American energy independence that make blanket opposition to the project more politically costly, perhaps, than approving it.

The State Department report, released late Friday, did not endorse a final decision on the matter. Instead, it concluded that, no matter how the oil is delivered to US markets, including by rail or tankers, the environmental impact from tar sand extraction remains relatively the same.

鈥淎pproval or denial of any one crude oil transport project, including the proposed Project, remains unlikely to significantly impact the rate of extraction in the oil sands, or the continued demand for heavy crude oil at refineries in the US. Limitations on pipeline transport would force more crude oil to be transported via other modes of transportation, such as rail, which would probably (but not certainly) be more expensive,鈥� the report read.

The report also says that denying the permit will 鈥渓ikely result in actions by other firms in the United States (and global) petroleum market鈥� to transport the oil through alternative means.

Those conclusions are seen as providing Obama political cover should he approve the project.

The State Department is saying, 鈥渨e agree with history,鈥� Kevin Book, an energy analyst with ClearView Energy Partners in Washington, told NPR this weekend.

鈥淭hey鈥檙e saying the oil would have gone to market anyway. The facts are the oil is in the ground in Canada isn鈥檛 going to stay there if there鈥檚 a buyer,鈥� Mr. Book said. 鈥淎nd there is a buyer. The buyer鈥檚 here in the US right now, and the oil is coming here by train, by truck and in some cases by barge.鈥�

Obama made global warming a core theme of his State of the Union address last month, in which he urged Congress 鈥渢o pursue a bipartisan, market-based solution to climate change鈥� but did not mention the Keystone XL project, nor offer specifics about regulation of industries that contribute to carbon pollution.

Following the State Department report, many advocacy groups echoed Michael Brune, executive director or the Sierra Club, who released a statement saying he was 鈥渙utraged鈥� by the report鈥檚 鈥渄eeply flawed analysis.鈥�

鈥淲e鈥檙e mystified as to how the State Department can acknowledge the negative effects of the Earth鈥檚 dirtiest oil on our climate, but at the same time claim that the proposed pipeline will 鈥榥ot likely result in significant adverse environmental effects.鈥� Whether this failure was willful or accidental, this report is nothing short of malpractice,鈥� Mr. Brune said.

Daniel Kessler, a spokesman for environmental advocacy group 350.org in Oakland, Calif., says the president鈥檚 framing of climate change as a 鈥渕oral issue鈥� in his comments contradicts his administration鈥檚 emerging position regarding Keystone XL. 鈥淲e get this analysis that says 鈥榙on鈥檛 worry, it鈥檚 going to happen anyway.鈥� That鈥檚 a technical failure and that鈥檚 a moral failure,鈥� Mr. Kessler says.

Many groups say they are stepping up their efforts to persuade Obama of what they say are the dire environmental consequences if the pipeline is approved. Kessler says his organization is seeking a meeting with the president so the many climate scientists they work with can make their case for rejecting the pipeline. In May, there will be civil disobedience training for 鈥渢housands鈥� of volunteers who plan to stage nationwide public protests in the coming months.

The organization also will be sending teams to follow the president and Secretary of State John Kerry to stage public protests 鈥渟o if they are in Barcelona, Buenos Aries or Toledo, Ohio 鈥� they will hear from people in their face,鈥� Kessler says.

Besides the environmental argument, some say the pipeline proposal is economically flawed. On Monday, Sen. Ron Wyden (D) of Oregon, chairman of the Energy and Natural Resources Committee, released a statement calling for a more fine-tuned analysis into how the pipeline will improve gas prices for American consumers.

鈥淭he State Department needs to explain how it is in America鈥檚 national and economic interests 鈥� especially if the pipeline is simply a conduit for oil and refined products to go elsewhere that makes the United States less energy secure and drives domestic gas prices higher,鈥� Sen. Wyden said.

The current Keystone pipeline carries crude from Hardisty, Alberta to markets in Illinois and Oklahoma. The extensions, one connecting Alberta to Steele City, Neb. and a second that connects Cushing, Okla., to refineries along the Texas Gulf Coast, will expand TransCanada鈥檚 distribution channels for heavy crude oil extracted from tar sands formations in Alberta.

The State Department says a 45-day public feedback process starts Friday. A final decision is not expected until late July or August.聽