海角大神

Dick Prozinski taps his cluttered desk with affectionate nostalgia.

鈥淚鈥檇 have 100 [job] applications on my desk at all times,鈥� says the Devils Lake, N.D., restaurant owner. Now, 鈥測ou almost have to beg people to fill out an application.鈥� Between his two eateries, he鈥檚 short seven or eight trained cooks.

Ditto for Kyle Blanchfield, owner of Woodland Resort on the shores of Devils Lake, the state鈥檚 largest natural lake and renowned for its fishing. If he could hire four or five more trained customer-service managers, he says he could boost business 20 percent.

The worker shortage that is affecting companies across the country is hitting rural America with a double-whammy. Last month, the economy added 250,000 new jobs, the Labor Department reported Friday. And there鈥檚 evidence that, confounding expectations, rural and small-town America are now seeing slightly faster job growth than metro areas.

There鈥檚 just one problem: While the strong economy is boosting the number of jobs, large swatches of the rural countryside are losing population or barely holding their own. As a result, rural communities are trying creative ways to cope with the worst labor shortage in decades.

Some offer to help pay for housing for workers who move in. Others are revamping their downtowns to attract millennials. Here in Devils Lake, a group of businesses have just agreed to a tuition reimbursement program for high school graduates who promise to return and work. The idea: If they come back for a job, they鈥檒l stay and raise families.

鈥淲e have tried in the past to bring in new business; maybe that wasn鈥檛 the right approach,鈥� says Ryan Hanson, principal of the local high school. 鈥淢aybe we should be strengthening what we already have.鈥�

College costs in exchange for work聽

Under the new program, a business would partner with a high school senior who is interested in a one- or two-year technical degree. The business would pay 60 percent of his or her college costs and Forward Devils Lake, the area鈥檚 economic development corporation, would kick in another 20 percent. In exchange, the student would agree to work for the sponsoring company for three years.

That鈥檚 a sizable investment for small businesses. With tuition, room, and board at North Dakota two-year schools costing anywhere from $11,800 to $14,100 a year for residents, the tuition reimbursement could cost them nearly $17,000. But that hasn鈥檛 dampened initial enthusiasm for the plan.

鈥淭here鈥檚 not enough students in North Dakota, with the declining enrollment,鈥� says Brad Barth, the economic development executive who dreamed up the idea. 鈥淪o when a program comes along like ours, [local companies] are in鈥�. We talked to 15 businesses in two weeks and they were all in.鈥�

Business owners say it鈥檚 worth the investment.

鈥淢ost of our shortages come from our network technicians,鈥� says Dave Dircks, CEO of North Dakota Telephone Company, which offers cable and internet as well as phone service in the area. He鈥檚 interested in sending students to a South Dakota technical school, whose program fits his operation to a T, down to using the same equipment. 鈥淚f you get an individual out of there, he can basically step in鈥� and start working, he says. (The students aren鈥檛 limited to in-state schools.)

There are signs that the rural economy overall is improving. Five of the 10 states with the lowest unemployment are also among the most rural of states, including North Dakota. And for the first quarter of this year (the latest figures available), a Brookings Institution study found that rural and small-town America were growing jobs at a slightly faster pace than large metros.

The challenge is that these averages mask big differences among rural communities. In North Dakota, for example, the oil and gas industry in the western part of the state has boomed, creating new jobs and attracting out-of-state workers. Here in agriculture- and tourism-based Ramsey County, the 2.2 unemployment rate looks strong, but it鈥檚 the result of a labor force that has shrunk faster than employment has. The county now has fewer jobs than during the worst of the Great Recession.

Devils Lake saw its employment boosted temporarily by construction, which has brought a new viaduct and a string of retail businesses on US 2, which runs through town. But workers were in such short supply that local firms poached employees from one another.

鈥淎ll they did was rob Peter to pay Paul; it was almost like musical chairs,鈥� recalls Doug Darling,聽president of Lake Region State College, the two-year college in town. When the Burger King first opened, he twice had to go through the drive-through because there weren鈥檛 enough workers to staff the dining area.

The lack of available employees also makes it hard for new businesses to come to the area, Mr. Darling points out. 鈥淭hey look at the unemployment rate, they look at the workforce available, and they're going: 鈥榃e can鈥檛 see locating here because you guys don鈥檛 have a workforce for us.鈥� 鈥� [But] if we work together on these things, I think it鈥檚 going to help.鈥�

Starting small聽

For the first year, Mr. Barth of Forward Devils Lake is hoping to get five seniors to sign up. By 2020, he hopes to have 20 from the high schools in the region.

鈥淚 think he could probably get his five,鈥� says Jean Baird, a school counselor at the high school in Devils Lake. Of its 480 or so students, some 50 to 60 percent go on to a technical school. 鈥淭he tough part is going to be matching up the student with the appropriate business鈥�. Committing to three years [of work] after college sometimes scares some of the kids.鈥�

Local business owners, like Mr. Prozinski, are ready to make their pitch. 鈥淚f I had more help,鈥� he says, 鈥淚 would love to open a bistro downtown.鈥澛�