海角大神

For most teenage girls in Afghanistan, it鈥檚 been a year since they set foot in a classroom. With no sign the ruling Taliban will allow them back to school, some are trying to find ways to keep education from stalling for a generation of young women.

At a house in Kabul, dozens gathered on a recent day for classes in an informal school set up by Sodaba Nazhand. She and her sister teach English, science, and math to girls who should be in secondary school.

鈥淲hen the Taliban wanted to take away the rights of education and the rights of work from women, I wanted to stand against their decision by teaching these girls,鈥� Ms. Nazhand told The Associated Press.

Hers is one of a number of underground schools in operation since the Taliban took over the country a year ago and banned girls from continuing their education past the sixth grade. While the Taliban have permitted women to continue attending universities, this exception will become irrelevant when there are no more girls graduating from high schools.

鈥淭here is no way to fill this gap, and this situation is very sad and concerning,鈥� Ms. Nazhand said.

The relief agency Save the Children interviewed nearly 1,700 boys and girls between the ages of 9 and 17 in seven provinces to assess the impact of the education restrictions.

The survey, conducted in May and June and released Wednesday, found that more than 45% of girls are not going to school, compared with 20% of boys. It also found that 26% of girls are showing signs of depression, compared with 16% of boys.

Nearly the entire population of Afghanistan was thrown into poverty and millions were left unable to feed their families when the world cut off financing in response to the Taliban takeover.

Teachers, parents and experts all warn that the country鈥檚 multiple crises, including the devastating collapse of the economy, are proving especially damaging to girls. The Taliban have restricted women鈥檚 work, encouraged them to stay at home and issued dress codes requiring them to cover their faces, except for their eyes, though the codes are not always enforced.

The international community is demanding that the Taliban open schools for all girls, and the U.S. and EU have created plans to pay salaries directly to Afghanistan鈥檚 teachers, keeping the sector going without putting the funds through the Taliban.

But the question of girls鈥� education appears to have been tangled in behind-the-scenes differences among the Taliban. Some in the movement support returning girls to school 鈥� whether because they see no religious objection to it or because they want to improve ties with the world. Others, especially rural, tribal elders who make up the backbone of the movement, staunchly oppose it.

During their first time ruling Afghanistan in the 1990s, the Taliban imposed much stricter restrictions on women, banning school for all girls, barring women from work, and requiring them to wear an all-encompassing burka if they went outside.

In the 20 years after the Taliban were driven from power in 2001, an entire generation of women returned to school and work, particularly in urban areas. Seemingly acknowledging those changes, the Taliban reassured Afghans when they seized control again last year that they would not return to the heavy hand of the past.

Officials have publicly insisted that they will allow teen girls back into school, but say time is needed to set up logistics for strict gender segregation to ensure an 鈥淚slamic framework.鈥�

Hopes were raised in March: Just before the new school year was to begin, the Taliban Education Ministry proclaimed everyone would be allowed back. But on March 23, the day of the reopening, the decision was suddenly reversed, surprising even ministry officials. It appeared that at the last minute, the Taliban鈥檚 supreme leader, Mullah Haibatullah Akhundzada, bowed to the opposition.

Shekiba Qaderi recalled how she showed up that day, ready to start the 10th grade. She and all her classmates were laughing and excited, until a teacher came in and told them to go home. The girls broke into tears, she said. 鈥淭hat was the worst moment in our lives.鈥�

Since then, she鈥檚 been trying to keep up with studies at home, reading her textbooks, novels, and history books. She鈥檚 studying English through movies and YouTube videos.

The unequal access to education cuts through families. Ms. Shekiba and a younger sister can鈥檛 go to her school, but her two brothers can. Her older sister is at a private university studying law. But that is little comfort, said their father, Mohammad Shah Qaderi. Most of the professors have left the country, bringing down the quality of the education.

Even if the young woman gets a university degree, 鈥渨hat is the benefit?鈥� asked Mr. Qaderi, a retired government employee.

鈥淪he won鈥檛 have a job. The Taliban won鈥檛 allow her to work,鈥� he said.

Mr. Qaderi said he has always wanted his children to get a higher education. Now that may be impossible, so he鈥檚 thinking of leaving Afghanistan for the first time after riding out years of war.

鈥淚 can鈥檛 see them growing in front of my eyes with no education; it is just not acceptable to me,鈥� he said.

Underground schools present another alternative, though with limitations.

A month after the Taliban takeover, Ms. Nazhand started teaching street children to read with informal outdoor classes in a park in her neighborhood. Women who couldn鈥檛 read or write joined them, she said. Some time later, a benefactor who saw her in the park rented a house for her to hold classes in, and bought tables and chairs. Once she was operating inside, Ms. Nazhand included teen girls who were no longer allowed to go to public school.

Now there are about 250 students, including 50 or 60 schoolgirls above sixth grade.

鈥淚 am not only teaching them school subjects, but also trying to teach them how to fight and stand for their rights,鈥� Ms. Nazhand said. The Taliban haven鈥檛 changed from their first time in power in the late 1990s, she said. 鈥淭hese are the same Taliban, but we shouldn鈥檛 be the same women of those years. We must struggle: by writing, by raising our voice, by any way possible.鈥�

Ms. Nazhand鈥檚 school, and others like it, are technically illegal under the Taliban鈥檚 current restrictions, but so far they haven鈥檛 shut hers down. At least one other person operating a school declined to speak to reporters, however, fearing possible repercussions.

Despite her unwavering commitment, Ms. Nazhand worries about her school鈥檚 future. Her benefactor paid for six months鈥� rent on the house, but he died recently, and she doesn鈥檛 have any way to keep paying for rent or supplies.

For students, the underground schools are a lifeline.

鈥淚t is so hard when you can鈥檛 go to school,鈥� said one of them, Dunya Arbabzada. 鈥淲henever I pass by my school and see the closed door ... it鈥檚 so upsetting for me.鈥�

This story was reported by The Associated Press. Rahim Faiez reported from Islamabad, Pakistan.