海角大神

Fanning out like urban guerrillas through Paris鈥� darkened streets well after midnight, the anti-waste activists shinny up walls and drain pipes, reaching for switches to turn off the lights.

Click. Click. Click.

One by one, the outdoor lights that stores had left on are extinguished. It鈥檚 one small but symbolic step in a giant leap of energy saving that Europe is trying to make as it rushes to wean itself off natural gas and oil from Russia so factories aren鈥檛 forced to close and homes stay heated and powered.

Engineer Kevin Ha and his equally nimble friends had been acting against wasteful businesses in Paris long before Russia started cutting energy supplies to Europe in a battle of wills over Moscow鈥檚 invasion of Ukraine. As such, the campaigners were precursors of the energy economy drive becoming all the rage in France, Germany, and elsewhere. Their message 鈥� that everyone can contribute 鈥� is almost word-for-word what public officials from cabinet ministers to mayors are saying now, too.

鈥淓veryone can have a positive impact at their own level, by adopting good practices, by doing the right things to reduce their overall energy footprint,鈥� Mr. Ha said on a recent night of light-extinguishing on the Champs-脡lys茅es boulevard.

The stakes are high. If Russia severs the supplies of gas it has already drastically reduced, authorities fear Europe risks becoming a colder, darker, and less-productive place this winter. It鈥檚 imperative to economize gas now so it can be squirreled away for burning later in homes, factories, and power plants, officials say.

鈥淓urope needs to be ready,鈥� said European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen. 鈥淭o make it through the winter, assuming that there is a full disruption of Russian gas, we need to save gas to fill our gas storages faster. And to do so, we have to reduce our gas consumption. I know that this is a big ask for the whole of the European Union, but it is necessary to protect us.鈥�

And although Europe is scrambling to get energy from elsewhere, any difficulties this winter could be a harbinger of worse to come if Russian gas supplies are completely severed and stay off through 2023, said France鈥檚 minister overseeing energy, Agn猫s Pannier-Runacher.

鈥淚f gas deliveries are cut by the end of the year, that will mean we鈥檒l have a full year without Russian gas, so the following winter could be even harder,鈥� Ms. Pannier-Runacher told French senators.

Hence the mounting appeals 鈥� already familiar to exasperated parents of wasteful teenagers everywhere 鈥� for Europeans to take shorter showers, switch off power sockets and otherwise do what they can.

Germany had been getting about a third of its gas from Russia, making the EU鈥檚 biggest economy and most populous nation conspicuously vulnerable. Energy saving is in full swing, with lights going off, public pools becoming chillier, and thermostats being adjusted.

The glass dome of the Reichstag, the parliament building in Berlin, is going dark after it closes to visitors at midnight, and two facades will no longer be lit. Legislators鈥� office temperatures will drop by 2 degrees to 20 Celsius (68 Fahrenheit) this winter. Berlin City Hall, the Jewish Museum, two opera houses, and the landmark Victory Column with panoramic views are among about 200 sites in the German capital that will no longer be lit at night.

Saunas are closing in Munich鈥檚 municipal swimming pools, which have chillier water now, too. There鈥檒l only be cold showers at public pools in Hannover, part of a plan by the northern city to cut its energy use by 15%.

鈥淭he sum of all the contributions will help us get through this winter and be prepared for the next one,鈥� said Robert Habeck, Germany鈥檚 vice chancellor and economy minister. He also told news weekly Der Spiegel he has slashed the time he spends showering.

鈥淚t will be a demanding, stony road, but we can manage it,鈥� he said.

With a campaign dubbed 鈥淔lip the Switch,鈥� the Netherlands鈥� government is urging showers of no more than five minutes, using sun shades and fans instead of air conditioning, and air-drying laundry.

Under a law passed Monday in often-sweltering Spain, offices, stores,聽and hospitality venues will no longer be allowed to set their thermostats below 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit) in summer, nor raise them above 19 degrees Celsius in winter.

Prime Minister Pedro S谩nchez asked office workers to ditch neckties, presumably to lessen the temptation to use air conditioning. He led by example, appearing at a news conference in an open-necked shirt.

The Italian government also is recommending limits on heating and cooling in public buildings.

In France, the government is targeting a 10% reduction in energy use by 2024, with an 鈥渆nergy sobriety鈥� drive. Mayors are also waging their own war on waste, with fines introduced for air-conditioned or heated stores that leave front doors open; others are working to limit the pain of soaring energy prices.

The 8,000 residents of Aureilhan, in the foothills of the Pyrenees in southwestern France, have been adjusting to nights without street lights since July 11. Extinguishing all 1,770 of them from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. will save money that Mayor Yannick Boub茅e would rather spend on roads and other maintenance. Otherwise, he said, the town鈥檚 84,000-euro ($86,000) lighting bill in 2021 was on course to nearly triple next year.

鈥淲hen it comes down to it, there鈥檚 no reason to keep the lights on at night,鈥� he said by phone. 鈥淚t is shaking up our way of thinking.鈥�
Next will be convincing townspeople to agree to less-heated classrooms when schools reopen.

鈥淲e鈥檙e going to ask parents to put a pullover on their children, all measures that don鈥檛 cost anything,鈥� he said. 鈥淲e have no choice, unfortunately.鈥�

The story was reported by The Associated Press.聽AP writers Geir Moulson in Berlin, Mike Corder in The Hague, Colleen Barry in Milan, and Frances D鈥橢milio in Rome contributed.