海角大神

While most of the world is shunning President Vladimir Putin over Russia鈥檚 invasion of Ukraine, one of the few leaders keeping an open line of communication is French President Emmanuel Macron.

Mr. Macron鈥檚 diplomatic efforts to prevent the war failed, but he鈥檚 not giving up: the two men have spoken four times since Russian forces attacked Ukraine on Feb. 24, and 11 times over the past month.

The French leader, whose country holds the European Union鈥檚 rotating presidency, is now one of the few outsiders with a view into Mr. Putin鈥檚 mindset at the time of the largest military invasion in Europe since World War II. Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett is also becoming a mediator, meeting Mr. Putin on a surprise visit to Moscow on Saturday and speaking with him again by phone on Sunday.

Mr. Macron鈥檚 relentless push for dialogue reflects France鈥檚 post-World War II tradition of carving out its own geopolitical path and its refusal to blindly follow the United States.

After Russian troops pushed deep into Ukraine, Mr. Macron鈥檚 resolve to maintain communication channels with Mr. Putin is providing Western allies with insight into the Russian leader鈥檚 state of mind, his intentions on the battlefield and at home in Russia as the Kremlin cracks down on opponents.

鈥淗e is keeping a diplomatic channel open for the West in case Putin might want to de-escalate and look for a way out of this crisis,鈥� said Benjamin Haddad, a senior director for Europe at the Atlantic Council in Paris and a member of Mr. Macron鈥檚 party.

Mr. Macron has also spoken to Mr. Putin on behalf of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Mr. Haddad said, trying to extract some mercy from Mr. Putin: local cease-fires, safe passage for trapped civilians, and access to humanitarian aid.

During their most recent call on Sunday that came at Mr. Macron鈥檚 request, the French leader and Mr. Putin focused for nearly two hours on the safety of Ukraine鈥檚 nuclear plants.

Mr. Putin said he doesn鈥檛 intend to attack them and agreed on the principle of 鈥渄ialogue鈥� between the International Atomic Energy Agency, Ukraine, and Russia on the issue, according to a French official who spoke on condition of anonymity in line with the French presidency鈥檚 practices.

There is 鈥渁bsolutely no illusion at the 脡lys茅e that Mr. Putin will keep his word on anything he promises,鈥� Mr. Haddad said, or that Mr. Putin will change his mind about the invasion. But Mr. Haddad said that it鈥檚 important that Mr. Macron keeps trying to engage Mr. Putin even as the West punishes Russia and strengthens Ukraine鈥檚 defenses.

And breaking with the diplomatic norm of keeping such conversations secret, the French presidency has widely shared the content of Mr. Macron鈥檚 talks with Mr. Putin. Mr. Macron鈥檚 advisers and the president himself detailed the excruciating efforts to prevent the war and then laid bare Mr. Putin鈥檚 broken promises of peace.

That helped Mr. Macron galvanize support for the toughest sanctions against Russia, uniting the notoriously divided 27-member EU and reviving NATO鈥檚 geopolitical role.

To the extent that keeping lines of communication open can be useful during a conflict to relay messages, warnings, or threats, and hear the response, the Biden administration believes that such contacts can be useful for at least getting some insight into Mr. Putin鈥檚 mood, demeanor, and mindset. Hence, Secretary of State Antony Blinken will go to Paris Tuesday to hear from Mr. Macron directly about his latest conversations with Mr. Putin.

But U.S. officials remain unconvinced that Mr. Macron鈥檚 efforts 鈥� or any other leader鈥檚 鈥� have had any significant impact on Mr. Putin鈥檚 decision-making process. They note that despite a series of interventions by the French president, Mr. Putin has not only gone ahead with the invasion but also intensified the conflict.

The French president has been clear from the start: Mr. Putin alone is to blame for the death and destruction in Ukraine and the major consequences of the war for France and Europe. But on the other hand if Mr. Putin wants to talk, he will listen.

Mr. Putin called on Thursday. The number of refugees fleeing Ukraine had already topped 1 million and several towns in the east were in ruins. Mr. Macron picked up and they talked for 90 minutes.

An official in the French presidency rushed to brief reporters on the conversation. Mr. Putin told Mr. Macron the military operation in Ukraine is 鈥済oing according to plan鈥� and he will continue 鈥渦ntil the end,鈥� the official said.

Mr. Putin claimed that 鈥渨ar crimes鈥� were being committed by Ukrainians. He called them 鈥淣azis,鈥� the official said. There鈥檚 no need to negotiate, Mr. Putin said. He will achieve the 鈥渘eutralization and disarmament of Ukraine鈥� with his army. The official couldn鈥檛 be named in keeping with 脡lys茅e聽practices.

Mr. Macron 鈥渟poke the truth鈥� to Mr. Putin, the official said, and explained how his war on Ukraine is perceived by the West. 鈥淚 spoke to President Putin. I asked him to stop attacks on Ukraine. At this point, he refuses,鈥� Mr. Macron tweeted.

He said dialogue will continue. 鈥淲e must prevent the worst from happening.鈥�

Since he was elected president in 2017, Mr. Macron has shown a keen interest in forging personal relationships with world leaders, including those who value a degree of pragmatism when discussing democracy and human rights while pursuing business opportunities.

His business-friendly diplomacy paid off in the Persian Gulf in December when he signed a multi-billion euro weapons contract with Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nayhan. Mr. Macron drew fierce criticism on that trip for traveling to Saudi Arabia to become the first Western leader to meet with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman after the 2018 killing of journalist Jamal Khashoggi.

鈥淢acron stands out among European Union leaders with his willingness to be in the spotlight, to drive the foreign policy and push things ahead,鈥� said Silvia Colombo, an expert on EU foreign relations at the International Institute in Rome.

There is no other foreign leader that Mr. Macron has tried to bring closer to his corner than Mr. Putin. Mr. Macron, a staunch European, was confident that a mixture of personal charm and the splendor of France鈥檚 past would convince Mr. Putin to keep Russia within the European security habitat.

Mr. Macron first hosted Mr. Putin in the sumptuous Place of Versailles in 2017. Two years later they discussed stalled Ukraine peace talks in Mr. Macron鈥檚 summer residence at the Fort de Bregancon on the French Riviera as Mr. Macron tried to build on European diplomacy that had helped ease hostilities in the past.

It鈥檚 become clear over the past several weeks that Mr. Putin was on the war path even as he denied it, sitting across from Mr. Macron at a very long table during his last visit to Moscow.

Mr. Macron wanted to believe him, Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian said after critics claimed the French president has fallen into the old European trap of appeasing Mr. Putin鈥檚 Russia.

鈥淭he president is not naive,鈥� Mr. Le Drian said on the eve of Russia鈥檚 invasion. 鈥淗e knows the methods, the character, and the cynical nature of Putin.鈥�

This story was reported by The Associated Press. AP writers聽Sylvie Corbet and Elaine Ganley contributed to this report from Paris.

Editor鈥檚 note: Check out the Monitor鈥檚 comprehensive Ukraine coverage from correspondents in Ukraine, Europe, the United States, and beyond on our Ukraine page.