Out of the shadows: Historical female artists finally shine
| Basel, Switzerland; and Rome
For centuries they were consigned to historical oblivion, their paintings and drawings squirreled away in dusty repositories.
But now, long-forgotten women masters are being drawn out of the shadows by a dedicated band of art experts and enthusiasts. In Italy, France, and Britain, female artists are taking center stage as part of a broader push to rectify the gender imbalance in art history.
鈥淲e鈥檙e reclaiming history centimeter by centimeter,鈥� says听Rossella听Lari as she applies paint from a minute brush onto damaged parts of a 22-foot-wide canvas. The restorer has spent the last couple of years in a low-key studio near the medieval walls of Florence bringing back to life 鈥淭he Last Supper,鈥� a painting by a 16th-century Dominican nun named Plautilla Nelli.
Why We Wrote This
A cursory look through art history may suggest that women have not played a significant role. New research shows otherwise, but doing justice to forgotten female artists requires more than identifying them.
The restoration of this masterpiece 鈥� the only known Renaissance rendition of the famous New Testament scene by a female artist 鈥� marks the most ambitious project to date undertaken by the nonprofit Advancing Women Artists (AWA). It will be placed on permanent display at the Santa Maria Novella Museum in Florence this fall.
鈥淚鈥檝e walked many kilometers back and forth in front of this painting,鈥� says Ms. Lari. 鈥淚f I step back and look at it, it gives me a headache, it鈥檚 such a big challenge. But I鈥檓 happy to be in Nelli鈥檚 presence every day.鈥�
AWA was established in 2009 by an American philanthropist, Jane Fortune, nicknamed 鈥淚ndiana Jane鈥澨齜y one arts magazine for her intrepid unearthing of lost treasures. She died听last year, but her mantle has been taken up by her longtime collaborator, Linda Falcone.
Ms. Falcone says the women artists of the Renaissance represent 鈥渁 hidden page in history.鈥� Female artists of the Renaissance faced great challenges; they had no legal standing of their own, they could not join guilds, and they could not train as artists.
AWA has restored more than 60 paintings by around 20 different women painters from that period up to the 20th century. Among them are听Violante Siries Cerroti, who painted for the Medicis, and Artemisia Gentileschi, who was the first female member of Florence鈥檚 Accademia delle Arti del Disegno, Europe鈥檚 earliest drawing academy. Despite the considerable success enjoyed during their lives, these women artists were largely forgotten in later centuries, eclipsed by the male artistic geniuses of Italy鈥檚 Renaissance era.
It is not just the female masters of Renaissance Florence who have been overlooked. London鈥檚 National Portrait Gallery is presenting this year the first major exhibition to focus on the undercredited women of the Pre-Raphaelites circle, a radical artistic movement that was born in 1848 England amid mass industrialization. The exhibit devotes particular attention to key muses, models, and artists, including Evelyn de Morgan, Effie Grey (Lady Millais), and Joanna Wells.
For too long the Pre-Raphaelite movement has been seen as a movement of 鈥渇ired up, sexy young men,鈥� says curator Jan Marsh. 鈥淚n fact, the whole movement was sympathetic and welcoming to women.鈥� Elizabeth Siddal, the model of John Everett Milliais鈥檚 famous 鈥淥phelia,鈥� will be presented for the first time as an artist in her own right in the Pre-Raphaelite Sisters exhibit.
鈥淥ne of the problems with women artists is that they are very modest in their aspirations,鈥� says Dr. Marsh. 鈥淭hey always get obscured.鈥�
Meanwhile, the Tate Britain听will be highlighting women鈥檚 contribution to key moments in the history of British art since 1960 in its free display Sixty Years. Assistant curator Sofia Karamani stresses the importance of showing that 鈥渁rt history can be told by women artists only, despite the longstanding weighing on male artists.鈥�
In the context of British art, she points to women artists who have finally come to prominence in their senior years, among them Rose Wylie and Phyllida Barlow. The display also showcases the work of younger generation artists like Charlotte Prodger, Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, and Lindsay Seers who use a range of media and technologies to tackle contemporary issues like identity, homosexuality, and mental health.
Restoring knowledge of women artists
The urge to determine how many women artists are lurking in the shadows of art history 鈥� and ensure female artists are not overlooked today 鈥� drove Paris-based Camille Morineau to create AWARE: Archives of Women Artists, Research and Exhibitions in 2014.
The idea took shape several years earlier when she did the hanging for 鈥渆lles@centrepompidou,鈥� an exhibition dedicated solely to 20th- and 21st-century female artists in the collection of France鈥檚 national modern art museum, Centre Pompidou. 鈥淲e literally pushed away men artists from the permanent collection,鈥� she recalls. It brought to light 350 works of 150 female artists, filling more than 86,000 square feet.
Ms. Morineau realized then how little information there was on women artists, even on those who have been recognized as driving forces in the avant-garde.
鈥淚t was twice more work to write about these artists, to organize the narrative, to create the theories or intellectual context,鈥� she says. 鈥淭hat experience showed me that the lack of information was crucial to explain the absence of female artists from museums, galleries, art collections. Because even if you're interested, there's no way you can find a woman artist on a specific subject or even if you want to show a period or a technique.鈥�
AWARE notes it took 50 years for the spotlight to shift from the works of Robert Delaunay to his Ukrainian-born wife, Sonia, an equally important creative force behind France鈥檚 Orphism art movement, a colorful offshoot of cubism. Ms. Delaunay made history as the first living female artist to have a retrospective exhibition at the Louvre in 1964. French-American Louise Bourgeoise was 96 by the time the Centre Pompidou put together a retrospective of her work. She helped galvanize the feminist art movement of the 1970s.
The 21st century paints a brighter picture of progress, but the gender gap remains. Between 2007 and 2017, less than a fifth of solo exhibitions were devoted to women artists at New York鈥檚 MoMA. The numbers are hardly better across the Atlantic: less than 20 percent at Centre Pompidou and a bit more at Tate Modern in London, according to 2015 statistics published in ARTnews.
Morineau sees signs of progress in the growing interest of art collectors, museum directors, and the broader public in female artists, particularly the newer generation which is much more conscious of questions of gender. She is just finished showcasing the work of transvestite听artist Grayson Perry at The Monnaie de听Paris, where she is the director of exhibitions.
Asked who her favorite female artist is, Morineau finds it impossible to settle on just one.
鈥淭hat鈥檚 the problem 鈥� or the beauty of it, or the scandal,鈥� she says. 鈥淚t is not like a few hundred.... It鈥檚 a few thousand that have been completely missed.鈥�
