海角大神

International art circles may have been shocked when 鈥淭he Scream,鈥� by Norwegian modernist painter Edvard Munch, set a record at a public auction in Sotheby鈥檚 last year by fetching $119.9 million.

But a new exhibit launched today in Oslo celebrating the 150^th 聽year anniversary of his birth 鈥� the most comprehensive collection ever 鈥� reveals how the Norwegian icon was very much underrated and is even stirring up a national reawakening.

鈥淚 think it was an interesting discovery for Norwegians to see the two last years鈥� enormous international attention because of the sale of the Munch in New York and the fantastic number of people that we had at the exhibitions in Frankfurt, Bremen, Paris, and London,鈥� says Stein Olav Heinrichsen, Munch Museum director.

鈥淢y impression is that Norwegians have taken Munch as part of their natural surroundings a bit for granted, and now they discover that this is a very important artist, not only for themselves, but also for the rest of the world. This gives them an even higher kick of national pride and maybe also national identity.鈥�

The first part of the two-venue exhibition at the National Gallery assembles half of the more than 270 works shown, chronicling the early part of his career (1882-1903). The second part of the exhibit at the Munch Museum covers his later period from 1904 until his death in 1944.

The public initially did not understand his expressionist style and dark themes depicting sexuality, madness, and drugs. His 1892 exhibit in Berlin was canceled after just a few days for being too provocative. And Freia chocolate factory owner Johan Throne Holst 鈥撀爓ho commissioned a decorative wall frieze in 1892 for the employee canteen in Oslo 鈥撀爋rdered Munch to redo the works by painting in the missing windows and chimneys on the houses.

鈥淸Munch] pushed the borders of the imagination of what art is,鈥� said Hadia Tajik, Norway鈥檚 culture minister, at a press preview聽on Friday. 鈥淧eople were at first shocked and said it was unfinished, but that鈥檚 what made him so great.鈥�

鈥淵ou think of Munch as something you had to go through [in school],鈥� adds Heidi Thon, VisitOSLO marketing director. 鈥淔or Norwegians, culture is skiing and going to the cabin, not fine art. That is changing now. Art has become part of Norwegian society."聽

Today the artist is part of the Holy Trinity of Norwegian national identity: Munch, composer Edvard Grieg, and playwright Henrik Ibsen. Munch鈥檚 paintings evoke many national romantic feelings for Norwegians with their depictions of moody dark forests, pastoral scenes, and seaside images of children swimming outside his summer cottage at 脜sg氓rdstrand.

They also capture a tragic time when historians record that thousands聽died annually of tuberculosis, including his sister, who modeled for his painting 鈥淭he Sick Child.鈥� His paintings also had an anxiety-ridden quality, famous for their use of putrid greens and harsh orange colors.聽

Running until聽Oct. 13, the comprehensive exhibit of Munch鈥檚 works runs in parallel with exhibits in other niche venues around Oslo. It includes a rare private collection of Munch鈥檚 earliest works dating from his times as a self-taught painter in the 1880s at the Open Air Academy聽Friluftsakademiet聽鈥�聽the first artist鈥檚 colony of its kind in Norway 鈥撀燼t the cobalt works聽Blaafarvev忙rket聽in Modum.聽He spent the autumn there by Haugfossen waterfalls honing his skills together with other great Norwegian painters, Frits Thaulow and his best friend Kalle L酶chen, whose suicide is believed by some to be the source of Munch鈥檚 inspiration for 鈥淭he Scream.鈥�

As part of the 150 Jubilee, the Munch Museum will feature the famous painting versions of 鈥淢adonna鈥� and 鈥淭he Scream鈥� that were stolen in 2004. Another version of 鈥淭he Scream,鈥� stolen from the National Gallery in 1994, will also be shown. He often made several variations of the same work, sometimes decades apart.

However, all the works will soon be getting a new home following a landmark decision last week that resolves the controversial question over where to locate a new national Munch Museum.

Oslo city politicians have been wrangling for years over the current one, which has been falling into disrepair and was cut down 40 percent in exhibition size after the art heist forced them to close off parts of the east and west wing for security measures. Some had argued for building a new museum at its current location in T酶yen in the hopes of reviving the neighborhood.

In a last-hour decision, a majority instead chose the leaning glass tower design 鈥淟ambda鈥� by Spanish architects Herreros Arquitectos to be placed at Bj酶rvika, next to the new National Opera House overlooking the Oslo fiord. When complete in 2018, the new museum will be four times the size as the current Munch Museum.

鈥淚t was high time,鈥� said Audun Eckhoff, National Museum director. 鈥淭his is possibly the greatest birthday gift Munch could have dreamed of.鈥�