海角大神

Sri Lanka will hold its聽presidential election on Sept. 21聽in a crucial vote that will decide the future of the South Asian nation still struggling to recover from its economic collapse in 2022, which provoked mass protests and forced the former President Gotabaya Rajapaksa to flee the country and later resign.

The election is seen as a referendum on聽President Ranil Wickremesinghe鈥檚 two-year-long rule聽that has overseen a fragile recovery of the country鈥檚 economy.

He faces a tough challenge from the leader of the opposition in parliament, as well as from a left-leaning politician with a powerful alliance, who is gaining popularity among young voters.

Almost 17 million of聽Sri Lanka鈥檚聽22 million people are eligible to vote, and聽38 candidates are running for office.

Who are the main candidates?

Mr. Wickremesinghe, whose United National Party has been weakened by a split, is running as an independent candidate. Even though Mr. Wickremesinghe remains unpopular for carrying out austerity measures 鈥� including sharp tax hikes 鈥� in exchange for an International Monetary Fund bailout, he is hoping to gain votes from his success in largely abating the聽shortage of essentials聽such as fuel, cooking gas, medicines, and food.

But Mr. Wickremesinghe 鈥� a six-time prime minister 鈥� is at a disadvantage because he belongs to the old guard, whom Sri Lankans blame for the economic collapse.

Anura Kumara Dissanayake, the leader of a Marxist-led coalition named National People鈥檚 Power, is fast emerging as a key challenger to Mr. Wickremesinghe due to his popularity among the young people fed up with corruption that they believe caused the economic crisis. He is also drawing support from some voters who participated in the聽2022 protests demanding the resignation聽of the then-President Rajapaksa.

Although he has been a leftist in the past, Mr. Dissanayake now professes economic freedom, and promises welfare measures to help the working class. Political analysts say he is a strong contender because, unlike his rivals, he is not linked with the business and political elites who ran the country in the past.

Mr. Wickremesinghe鈥檚 other challenger is聽Sajith Premadasa, the incumbent president鈥檚 former deputy and leader of his breakaway party, United People鈥檚 Power. Mr. Premadasa promises to continue with the IMF program but with changes to lessen the burden on poor people.

He has also promised a degree of power devolution to the minority Tamil community, who make up about 11% of the country鈥檚 population. In return, Mr. Premadasa has secured the support of a strong Tamil political bloc.

What about the Rajapaksa family?

Namal Rajapaksa, the heir apparent to the once-powerful Rajapaksa clan, is also contesting. Namal鈥檚 candidacy will test whether his powerful clan 鈥� which has produced two presidents 鈥� can retain its hold on the country after many of its members were pushed into the political wilderness. His father, Mahinda Rajapaksa, is credited with crushing the Tamil armed separatist movement in 2009.

Mr. Namal is promising to ease the tax burden on Sri Lankans and build a strong economy, saying its meltdown in 2022 was largely due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

How does the election work?

Votes will be cast throughout the day on Sept. 21, with results expected to be out by evening the following day.

Voters can select three candidates from the ballot paper in the order of their preference. The first preferences will be counted first, and the candidate who secures more than half of the valid votes will be declared winner.

If there is no clear winner, the first two candidates will be retained in the race and ballot papers that chose other candidates for No. 1 will be checked to see if either of the top two contenders are their second or third preference. Those votes will be added to the tally of the remaining two candidates. The candidate who gets the highest number will be declared the winner.

Sri Lanka has a powerful executive presidential system with the President being the head of state, government, cabinet, and the armed forces. The prime minister has some powers like recommending Cabinet ministers.

There are no reliable opinion polls to suggest which candidate is in the lead, but many observers say Dissanayake has been gaining popularity.

Veeragathy Thanabalasingham, a senior journalist and political observer, said while it appeared to be a 鈥渢wo-horse race鈥� between Mr. Premadasa and Mr. Dissanayake in early September, campaigning in the final weeks could place all three candidates on equal ground.

What are the big issues?

Sri Lanka鈥檚 economy is the key issue聽in the election.

Under Mr. Wickremesinghe,聽important economic figures have improved: Inflation dropped below 5% from 70% in 2022, interest rates were lowered, and foreign reserves grew. A 2% growth is predicted for 2024, the highest since the economic collapse, but financial benefits have not reached the common people, many of whom are affected by high living costs. Businesses and professionals are complaining of high taxes.

While Mr.聽Wickremesinghe says聽that the IMF agreement can鈥檛 be significantly changed, his rivals say they will try to renegotiate it to ease the burden on the public.

A large section of the population is also unhappy because it believes Mr. Wickremesinghe鈥檚 administration protected the Rajapaksa family, which has been accused of economic mismanagement and corruption. Many feel the family should be held accountable.

This story was reported by The Associated Press.