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Gabe Imondi, a landlord from Rhode Island, had come to court hoping to get his apartment back. He was tired of waiting for federal rental assistance and wondered aloud 鈥渨hat they鈥檙e doing with that money?鈥�

Hours later, Luis Vertentes, in a different case, was told by a judge he had three weeks to clear out of his one-bedroom apartment in nearby East Providence. The landscaper said he was four months behind on rent after being hospitalized for a time.

鈥淚鈥檓 going to be homeless, all because of this pandemic,鈥� Mr. Vertentes said. 鈥淚 feel helpless, like I can鈥檛 do anything even though I work and I got a full-time job.鈥�

Scenes like this played out from North Carolina to Virginia to Ohio and beyond Monday as the eviction system, which saw a dramatic drop in cases before a federal moratorium expired over the weekend, rumbled back into action. Activists fear millions will be tossed onto the streets as the delta variant of the coronavirus surges.

The Biden administration allowed the federal moratorium to expire over the weekend and Congress was unable to extend it.

Historic amounts of rental assistance allocated by Congress had been expected to avert a crisis. But the distribution has been painfully slow: Only about $3 billion of the first tranche of $25 billion had been distributed through June by states and localities. A second amount of $21.5 billion will go to the states.

More than 15 million people live in households that owe as much as $20 billion to their landlords, according to the Aspen Institute. As of July 5, roughly 3.6 million people in the United States said they faced eviction in the next two months, according to the U.S. Census Bureau鈥檚 Household Pulse Survey.

In Columbus, Ohio, Chelsea Rivera showed up at Franklin County court Monday after receiving an eviction notice last month. A single mom, she鈥檚 behind $2,988 in rent and late fees for the one-bedroom apartment she rents for herself and three young sons.

Ms. Rivera said she started to struggle after her hours were cut in May at the Walmart warehouse where she worked. She鈥檚 applied to numerous agencies for help but they鈥檙e either out of money, have a waiting list, or not able to help until clients end up in court with an eviction notice.

Ms. Rivera said she鈥檚 preparing herself mentally to move into a shelter with her children.

鈥淲e just need help,鈥� she said, fighting back tears. 鈥淚t鈥檚 just been really hard with everyday issues on top of worrying about where you鈥檙e going to live.鈥�

But there was more optimism in Virginia, where Tiara Burton, learned she would be getting federal help and wouldn鈥檛 be evicted. She initially feared the worst when the moratorium lifted.

鈥淭hat was definitely a worry yesterday,鈥� said Ms. Burton, who lives in Virginia Beach. 鈥淚f they鈥檙e going to start doing evictions again, then I鈥檓 going to be faced with having to figure out where me and my family are going to go. And that鈥檚 not something that anyone should have to worry about these days at all.鈥�

She was relieved to learn she was approved for assistance through the Virginia Rent Relief Program. Her court hearing was postponed 30 days, during which time she and her landlord can presumably work things out.

鈥淚鈥檓 grateful for that,鈥� she said. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 another weight lifted off of my shoulders.鈥�

For some tenants, getting assistance has proven impossible.

After her landlord refused federal assistance to cover $5,000 in back rent, Antoinette Eleby of Miami, expects an eviction order within two to three weeks. She is sending her five children to live with her mother in another county.

鈥淢y main concern is that now that I have an eviction, how will I find another place? Some places will accept you and some will not,鈥� said Ms. Eleby, whose entire family got COVID-19 earlier this year.

Around the country, courts, legal advocates, and law enforcement agencies were gearing up for evictions to return to pre-pandemic levels, a time when 3.7 million people were displaced from their homes every year, or seven every minute, according to the Eviction Lab at Princeton University.

Some cities with the most cases, according to the Eviction Lab, are Phoenix with more than 42,000 eviction filings, Houston with more than 37,000, Las Vegas with nearly 27,000, and Tampa with more than 15,000. Indiana and Missouri also have more than 80,000 filings.

While the moratorium was enforced in much of the country, there were states like Idaho where judges ignored it, said Ali Rabe, executive director of Jesse Tree, a non-profit that works to prevent evictions in the Boise metropolitan area. 鈥淓viction courts ran as usual,鈥� she said.

That was much the way things played out in parts of North Carolina, where on Monday Sgt. David Ruppe knocked on a weathered mobile home door in Cleveland County, a rural community an hour west of Charlotte.

鈥淲e haven鈥檛 seen much of a difference at all,鈥� he said.

He waited a few minutes on the porch scattered with folding chairs and toys. Then a woman opened the door.

鈥淗ow are you?鈥� he asked quietly, then explained her landlord had started the eviction process. The woman told Mr. Ruppe she鈥檇 paid, and he said she鈥檇 need to bring proof to her upcoming Aug. 9 court date.

Mr. Ruppe, who has two young sons, said seeing families struggle day-after-day is tough.

鈥淭here鈥檚 only so much you can do,鈥� he said. 鈥淪o, if you can offer them a glimmer of hope, words of encouragement, especially if there鈥檚 kids involved. Being a father, I can relate to that.鈥�

This story was reported by The Associated Press.