海角大神

Georgia is constantly on Bryan McBrien鈥檚 mind these days, as he wonders how long he can continue to run his business here.

A greensman, Mr. McBrien grows, creates, and delivers backdrop greenery for TV shows and movies. He is one of some 92,000 people working in film and television production in Georgia.

Topographically rich and architecturally intriguing, the state can be 鈥� and has been 鈥� transformed into almost everything but the high Alps or a Norwegian fjord. It has stood in for New York and Pyongyang. Just over a decade after Republican lawmakers began offering a simple and transferable tax credit to movie production companies, the industry has grown by 4,000% into a $9.5 billion juggernaut. Georgia is the most filmed location in the U.S. and competes with Canada and the U.K. for most box office smashes.

But now, Mr. McBrien, owner of Cinema Greens in East Point, Georgia, is bracing for the curtain to fall.

As the actual off-screen Georgia moves toward criminalizing abortion after roughly six weeks gestation, studio heads like Disney鈥檚 Bob Iger are questioning their 鈥渆ntire investment鈥� in the state. And after going 鈥渋n whole hog鈥� to build a business here, Mr. McBrien鈥檚 business plan has already changed. He has built a pop-up truck that will travel festivals to advertise a new retail operation.

鈥淧eople are terrified鈥� that Hollywood will leave, says the native Michigander. 鈥淲e want to make sure we have something to fill in the gaps ... if the film industry does get destroyed.鈥�

To be sure, Republicans keen to challenge abortion rights are taking a huge economic gamble. Yet unplugging the Peach State presents a challenge for Hollywood, too.

鈥淗ollywood has to weigh [the abortion law] against the politics of things in an era when the politics of things can sometimes take over,鈥� says film historian Jonathan Kuntz, an expert on the studio system at UCLA鈥檚 School of Theater, Film and Television, in Los Angeles. 鈥淭here are a lot of forces pulling on Hollywood, but it鈥檚 the dollar bill that pulls them to Georgia. But money is a brittle reason.鈥�

The birth of what some call 鈥淵鈥檃llywood鈥� traces back to actor Burt Reynolds鈥� heyday in the 1970s, when 鈥淪mokey and the Bandit鈥� glorified red dirt roads and the Atlanta skyline.

But the kleig lights only flickered dimly the following 30 years. It took the 2008 tax credit to jump-start the industry. Producers can claim up to a 30% tax credit if they tag their work with a Georgia peach label. Easy to use, uncapped, the credits can even be transferred and sold.聽

Hollywood took the bait.

The state now sports 200 sound stages that have produced hits like 鈥淭he Hunger Games,鈥� 鈥淕uardians of the Galaxy,鈥� and 鈥淎vengers: Endgame.鈥� Both of those last two Marvel blockbusters are owned by Disney, one of the studios mulling a pullout. The actors who play Captain Marvel and the Hulk聽 鈥� Brie Larson and Mark Ruffalo 鈥� are among more than 100 who have signed a pledge not to work in the state if the law takes effect.

Hollywood clashes with Southern sensibilities聽

Actor and producer Tyler Perry bought a former Army base,聽Fort McPherson on Atlanta鈥檚 south side, and converted it to studio space. Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayetteville is one of the world鈥檚 largest. And a producer couple is turning historic Pullman Yard on the city鈥檚 east side into聽a 鈥渃reative city鈥� for the entertainment industry, complete with lofts, co-working spaces, restaurants, boutique hotels, retail, a concert venue, and more.

鈥淚n a sense, the whole state of Georgia could be considered a production facility at this point,鈥� says Matthew Bernstein, a film historian at Emory University in Atlanta, and author of 鈥淪creening a Lynching.鈥� 鈥淭hat鈥檚 what makes me think [Republican lawmakers] haven鈥檛 quite grasped what they are doing.鈥�

On the other hand, he notes, Georgia has seen the clash between Hollywood and local mores before. 聽

Hollywood values and Southern sensibilities clashed in the Jim Crow era as Atlanta employed censors 鈥� stern white women 鈥� to police racial codes. The singer Lena Horne was routinely cut for being shown performing on equal footing with white actors.

That impulse to steel Southern hospitality with moral parochialism still shadows the Deep South鈥檚 cultural and economic capital. 聽

鈥淣obody likes the term sovereignty of states anymore, but really that is where all this lies,鈥� says Zemmie Fleck of Lawrenceville, director of Georgia Right to Life, which has encouraged residents to boycott Netflix for its threat to boycott Georgia. 鈥淵es, you are welcome in Georgia, but please do not ... dictate to us what kind of state we have to be in order for you to be here.鈥�

A purple state with red representation聽

Three years ago, former Gov. Nathan Deal vetoed a religious liberty bill under a boycott threat. In hindsight, that was prologue. The election of Gov. Brian Kemp in November pitted a hard-right Republican vowing to impose strict abortion laws to stem some 30,000 annual abortions in the state against Stacey Abrams, a black progressive representing a rising, urban voting bloc.

Having helped to build Georgia into a giant movie set, liberal-leaning Hollywood now has to face difficult 鈥� but possibly not unforeseen 鈥� questions about heavy investment in a region where social conservatism lies deep in the bedrock. Perhaps the biggest challenge now is that 鈥渕any if not most of those who would be hurt by a boycott are precisely those that the boycott is intended to support,鈥� says Amy Steigerwalt, a professor of political science at Georgia State University.

Though Governor Kemp says he supports the industry, he noted recently that Georgians won鈥檛 let 鈥渢he land of Harvey Weinstein鈥� dictate terms, a jab at Hollywood鈥檚 lip service in support of women鈥檚 rights amid storied tales of systemic misogyny and assault.

Ms. Abrams recently met with studio heads in Los Angeles to urge them to stay in Georgia, reflecting a shift in power at the state level where one party now typically dominates. For the first time in more than 100 years, all but one state legislature is dominated by a single party.

鈥淲e talk about Georgia being 鈥榩urple鈥� but it鈥檚 really more like a swirl ice cream where the two colors are constantly visible,鈥� says Dr. Steigerwalt. 鈥淓ach constituency wants to see the politicians they voted for follow through on their promises. The problem is that many of these promises are wildly at odds with what the other side wants.鈥� In that way, she says, 鈥淕eorgia highlights the tension when you have a 鈥榩urple鈥� state but few truly purple voters or elected officials.鈥�

Indeed, says Dr. Kuntz at UCLA, 鈥渢his is why traditionally Hollywood has avoided most controversy, because if you please one group you might disappoint another group. Hollywood wants to please everybody.鈥�

At the same time, he adds: 鈥淎t this point, it鈥檚 not exactly easy for them to pull out.鈥�

Roots run deep

A big reason for that is people like Mr. McBrien. A Los Angeles transplant, he grew Cinema Greens into a 15,000-square-foot facility and a farm. What was once an abandoned factory district is now bustling with box trucks. With a mortgage and a new family, his roots are literally deep.

Also feeding the boom is the 鈥渃ontent war鈥� among streaming services like Netflix, Amazon and, soon, Disney and Apple. Georgia has a massive stable of top-end production talent and the proven ability to produce end-to-end big budget films.

For those reasons, some believe the storm will blow over, especially if courts block the law before it takes effect in 2020.

But in the past few weeks, at least two productions have pulled the plug, and several heads of production companies, including David Simon, known for 鈥淭he Wire鈥� and 鈥淭reme,鈥� have said they will no longer film in the state while the law stands. Director Spike Lee has called for an immediate pull-out. The actor Justin Bateman was in Savannah filming an episode of 鈥淥zark,鈥� but has warned he won鈥檛 return if the law takes effect. The actor Alyssa Milano, whose Netflix series 鈥淚nsatiable鈥� is filmed in Georgia, lambasted lawmakers at the statehouse.

Perhaps most critically for an industry that sometimes seems to come and go in the night, its constancy in Georgia has created new economic allegiances and personal friendships. Those individual relationships may represent a demonstrable counterbalance to, as Mr. McBrien put its, a growing tendency of Americans to show 鈥渄isbelief in others.鈥�

鈥淥ne thing we鈥檝e been hearing from friends in California is that so many of those people know people like me 鈥� set directors, prop makers and greensmen,鈥� says Mr. McBrien. 鈥淪o now you have these transplanted families, we鈥檝e bought property, and people are starting to have a feeling that if they abandon Georgia they will be abandoning not just a ton of union brothers and coworkers, but they are also abandoning a state that needs their help.鈥�