Space Force becomes first new military service in 72 years
| Washington
The Trump administration is celebrating the launch of Space Force, the first new military service in more than 70 years.
In signing the 2020 National Defense Authorization Act that includes Space Force, President Donald Trump on Friday can claim a victory for one of his top national security priorities just two days after聽being impeached by the House.
It is part of a $1.4 trillion聽government spending package聽鈥� including the Pentagon's budget 鈥� that provides a steady stream of financing for Mr. Trump's U.S.-Mexico border fence and reverses unpopular and unworkable automatic spending cuts to defense and domestic programs.
Space Force has been a reliable applause line at Mr. Trump's political rallies, but for the military it's seen more soberly as an affirmation of the need to more effectively organize for the defense of U.S. interests in space 鈥� especially satellites used for navigation and communication. Space Force is not designed or intended to put combat troops in space.
Space has become increasingly important to the U.S. economy and to everyday life. The Global Positioning System, for example, provides navigation services to the military as well as civilians. Its constellation of about two dozen orbiting satellites is operated by the 50th Space Wing from an operations center at Schriever Air Force Base in Colorado.
In a report last February, the Pentagon asserted that聽China and Russia聽have embarked on major efforts to develop technologies that could allow them to disrupt or destroy American and allied satellites in a crisis or conflict.
鈥淭he United States faces serious and growing challenges to its freedom to operate in space,鈥� the report said.
When he publicly directed the Pentagon in June 2018 to begin working toward a Space Force, Mr.聽Trump spoke of the military space mission as part of a broader vision.
鈥淢y administration is reclaiming America's heritage as the world's greatest space-faring nation,鈥� he said. 鈥淲hen it comes to defending America, it is not enough to merely have an American presence in space. We must have American dominance in space.鈥�
Mr.聽Trump got his Space Force, which many Democrats opposed. But it is not in the 鈥渟eparate but equal鈥� design he wanted.
Instead of being its own military department, like the Navy, Army, and Air Force, the Space Force will be administered by the Secretary of the Air Force. The law requires that the four-star general who will lead Space Force, with the title of Chief of Space Operations, will be a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, but not in Space Force's first year. That leader is likely to be Air Force Gen. John W. Raymond, the commander of U.S. Space Command.
Space Force is the first new military service since the Air Force was spun off from the Army in 1947. Space Force will be the provider of forces to U.S. Space Command, a separate organization established earlier this year as the overseer of the military's space operations.
The division of responsibilities and assets between Space Force and Space Command has not been fully worked out.
Space Force will be tiny, compared to its sister services. It will initially have about 200 people and a first-year budget of $40 million. The military鈥檚 largest service, the Army, has about 480,00 active-duty soldiers and a budget of about $181 billion. The Pentagon spends about $14 billion a year on space operations, most of which is in the Air Force budget.
Kaitlyn Johnson, a space policy expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, sees the creation of Space Force as an important move but doubts it will prove as momentous as Trump administration officials suggest. Vice President Mike Pence has touted Space Force as 鈥渢he next great chapter in the history of our armed forces.鈥� Defense Secretary Mark Esper earlier this week called this an 鈥渆pic moment鈥� in recent American military history.
Ms. Johnson says Democrats鈥� opposition to making Space Force a separate branch of the military means it could be curtailed or even dissolved if a Democrat wins the White House next November.
鈥淚 think that鈥檚 a legitimate concern鈥� for Space Force advocates, she said. 鈥淛ust because it鈥檚 written into law doesn鈥檛 mean it can鈥檛 be unwritten,鈥� she said, adding, 鈥淏ecause of the politics that have started to surround the Space Force, I worry that that could damage its impact before it even has time to sort itself out鈥� within the wider military bureaucracy.
Some in Congress had been advocating for a Space Force before Mr.聽Trump entered the White House, but his push for legislation gave the proposal greater momentum.
Mr.聽Trump鈥檚 first defense secretary, Jim Mattis, was initially cool to the idea, arguing against adding new layers of potentially expensive bureaucracy. Mr.聽Mattis鈥� successor, Mr.聽Esper, has been supportive of Space Force. In September he said it will 鈥渁llow us to develop a cadre of warriors who are appropriately organized, trained, and equipped to deter aggression and, if necessary, to fight and win in space.鈥� He added, 鈥淭he next big fight may very well start in space, and the United States military must be ready.鈥�
This story was reported by The Associated Press.
