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A jury found Donald Trump liable Tuesday for sexually abusing advice columnist E. Jean Carroll in 1996, awarding her $5 million in a judgment that could haunt the former president as he campaigns to regain the White House.

The verdict was announced in a federal courtroom in New York City on the first day of jury deliberations. Jurors rejected Ms. Carroll鈥檚 claims that she was raped but found Mr. Trump liable for sexually abusing her.

Hours earlier, U.S. District Judge Lewis A. Kaplan read instructions on the law to the nine-person jury before the panel Ms. Carroll鈥檚 allegations of battery and defamation shortly before noon.

Mr. Trump, who did not attend the trial, has insisted he never sexually assaulted Ms. Carroll or even knew her.

Mr. Kaplan told jurors that the first question on the verdict form was to decide whether they think there is more than a 50% chance that Mr. Trump raped Ms. Carroll inside a store dressing room. If they answered yes, they would then decide whether compensatory and punitive damages should be awarded.

If they answered no on the rape question, they could then decide if Mr. Trump subjected her to lesser forms of assault involving sexual contact without her consent or forcible touching to degrade her or gratify his sexual desire. If they answered yes to either of those questions, they would decide if the damages were appropriate.

On defamation claims stemming from a statement Mr. Trump made on social media last October, Mr. Kaplan said jurors needed to be guided by a higher legal standard 鈥� clear and convincing evidence.

He said they would have to agree it was 鈥渉ighly probable鈥� that Mr. Trump鈥檚 statement was false and was made maliciously with deliberate intent to injure or out of hatred or ill will with reckless disregard for Ms. Carroll鈥檚 rights.

Meanwhile, Mr. Trump posted a new message on social media, complaining that he is now awaiting the jury鈥檚 decision 鈥渙n a False Accusation.鈥� He said he is 鈥渘ot allowed to speak or defend myself, even as hard-nosed reporters scream questions about this case at me.鈥�

Mr. Trump said he will not speak until after the trial, 鈥渂ut will appeal the Unconstitutional silencing of me ... no matter the outcome!鈥�

Mr. Trump never attended the trial, which is in its third week, and rejected an invitation to testify, which the judge extended through the weekend even after Mr. Trump鈥檚 attorney, Joe Tacopina, said Thursday that his client would not testify.

Mr. Tacopina told the jury that Ms. Carroll鈥檚 account is too far-fetched to be believed. He said she made it up to fuel sales of a 2019 memoir in which she first publicly revealed her claims and to disparage Mr. Trump for political reasons.

Ms. Carroll鈥檚 attorney, Roberta Kaplan, cited excerpts from Mr. Trump鈥檚 October deposition and his notorious comments on a 2005 鈥淎ccess Hollywood鈥� video in which he said celebrities can grab women between the legs without asking.

She urged jurors to believe her client.

鈥淗e didn鈥檛 even bother to show up here in person,鈥� Mr. Kaplan said. She said much of what he said in his deposition and in public statements 鈥渁ctually supports our side of the case.鈥�

鈥淚n a very real sense, Donald Trump is a witness against himself,鈥� she said. 鈥淗e knows what he did. He knows that he sexually assaulted E. Jean Carroll.鈥�

Ms. Carroll testified that she had a chance encounter with Mr. Trump at the Bergdorf Goodman store across the street from Trump Tower. She said it was a lighthearted interaction in which they teased each other about trying on a piece of lingerie before Mr. Trump became violent inside a dressing room.

Mr. Tacopina told jurors there was no reason to call Mr. Trump as a witness when Ms. Carroll can鈥檛 even recall when her encounter with Mr. Trump happened.

He told the jury Ms. Carroll made up her claims after hearing about a 2012 鈥淟aw and Order鈥� episode in which a woman is raped in the dressing room of the lingerie section of a Bergdorf Goodman store.

鈥淭hey modeled their secret scheme on an episode of one of the most popular shows on television,鈥� he said of Ms. Carroll.

Two of Ms. Carroll鈥檚 friends testified that she told them about the encounter with Mr. Trump shortly after it happened, many years before the 鈥淟aw and Order鈥� episode aired.

This story was reported by The Associated Press.