Immigration law: court upholds key parts of tough Alabama law
A federal judge鈥檚 ruling in Alabama Wednesday raises the possibility that, after being repeatedly rejected by courts across the country, a controversial provision that police check the immigration status of people who might be illegal immigrants could be enforced for the first time.
Several states have passed anti-illegal immigration bills with similar statutes, starting with Arizona's SB 1070 last year. But each law has been put on hold by the courts until now. Chief US District Judge Sharon Blackburn on Wednesday rejected some parts of Alabama's far-reaching bill against illegal immigration. But she upheld the section of the law dealing with residency-status checks during routine stops.
For law enforcement, which has repeatedly opposed such laws, the ruling is raising questions about how such a mandate can be enforced 鈥� and whether it will lead to lawsuits over allegations of civil-rights violations.
Appeals from opposition groups are certain, and some experts say the Alabama ruling makes it increasingly likely that the issue will end up before the US Supreme Court. The Arizona case has already been appealed to the Supreme Court, though the court has not yet decided whether it will take the case.
But the high court 鈥渄oesn鈥檛 like similar cases with somewhat different outcomes coming out of different circuits,鈥� says Louis DeSipio, a political scientist at the University of California at Irvine.
In her ruling, Judge Blackburn also upheld a requirement that Alabama public schools check the immigration status of students. She blocked other parts of the law, including the prohibitions against illegal immigrants applying for work or penalties for knowingly concealing, harboring, or transporting illegal immigrants in the state.
鈥淚t would be impossible to call it a victory for either side,鈥� says Paul Horowitz, a constitutional law expert at the University of Alabama鈥檚 law school in Tuscaloosa. The overall ruling shows that 鈥渢he state can parallel federal law but can鈥檛 innovate immigration law.鈥�
For law enforcement, however, the ruling was a defeat.
Police authorities say the law鈥檚 wording makes them ripe for lawsuits. As written, the law allows police officers to act on 鈥渞easonable suspicion鈥� and require people to produce proof of legal residency. The law also allows people to sue law-enforcement agencies if they feel the agencies aren't doing what the law requires.
The problem is that no database exists that could easily, or even adequately, verify the numerous documents that show legal status, from work visas to border crossing cards to birth certificates. That makes the law virtually unenforceable, says Professor DeSipio.
鈥淚t just doesn鈥檛 work,鈥� he says. 鈥淎 database can have a lot of false positives. In a workplace, that鈥檚 not a problem because the employer can give a person a certain amount of time to correct the problem. But parked on the side of a highway in Alabama, there鈥檚 not much you can do.鈥�
Local law-enforcement officials in Alabama have protested the bill since Gov. Robert Bentley (R) signed it into law June 9. They say that they do not have the training or equipment to verify legal status. They also say the new duties will squeeze departments already facing cuts.
It is not clear 鈥渨hether any kind of resources will follow the political will or [whether the law-enforcement provision] was meant to be a substantially symbolic statement,鈥� says Professor Horowitz. 鈥淭his is still going to be a real burden on state and local resources. If the state is serious about the law, it is going to have to provide resources."
In a statement, Governor Bentley said the provisions Blackburn allowed meant Alabama has 鈥渢he strongest immigration laws in this country,鈥� and he added that the state will likely appeal to a higher court to uphold the provisions blocked by Wednesday鈥檚 ruling.
He said the law 鈥渨as never designed to hurt fellow human beings.鈥� However, he said the bill 鈥渨ould not have been necessary if the federal government had done its job and enforced the laws dealing with this problem.鈥�
Alabama ranks 20th in the nation in terms of number of illegal immigrants, according to the Pew Hispanic Center. Illegal workers in Alabama represent 4.2 percent of the state鈥檚 labor force.
The size of the illegal-immigrant population in the state has increased rapidly during the past 10 years. Between 2000 and 2010, the number of illegal immigrants in Alabama rose 380 percent, from 25,000 to 120,000 according to Pew. Today, illegals represent 2.5 percent of the total state population.
