海角大神

That Western plans for a United Nations Security Council resolution condemning the violence in Syria would run into a brick wall of resistance from traditional naysayers China and Russia is not much of a surprise.

But now emerging powers like Brazil and India are adding their bricks to that wall, casting into doubt passage of a resolution despite what UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon calls 鈥渉orrific鈥� violence against the Syrian people by their own government.

Resistance to a Syria resolution is characterized by some UN experts as 鈥渂lowback鈥� from Security Council action in March on Libya, which led to NATO鈥檚 intervention in the North African country鈥檚 conflict. Brazil 鈥� which currently occupies one of the council鈥檚 10 rotating seats 鈥� has said publicly that its reluctance to support a Syria resolution reflects its disagreement with Western powers鈥� interpretation of the council鈥檚 second Libya resolution as a green light for intervention in a country鈥檚 internal conflict.

For others, the willingness of a Brazil to stand up to the council鈥檚 traditional Western powers portends diplomatic challenges ahead.

鈥淵ou always had to get nine votes, it鈥檚 always been politics beyond the permanent five鈥� members of the council, the US, France, Great Britain, Russia, and China, says Michael Doyle, a UN expert at Columbia University in New York. 鈥淲hat鈥檚 new is the strikingly more independent and self-assertive roles some of the new emerging world powers are playing.鈥�

Resolution caught in stalemate

The result is that a resolution many thought would have passed by now is instead caught in a stalemate 颅鈥� and the UN is being widely viewed as absent on Syria, even as the violence there continues and even escalates.

Last week, on a visit to Washington and New York, French Foreign Minister Alain Jupp茅 suggested a resolution would be put to a vote in the 15-member council within days. But a vote on the resolution 鈥� sponsored by France, Germany, Great Britain, and Portugal 鈥� remained up in the air Tuesday, with the sponsors unwilling to seek a vote unless assured of at least a minimum nine-vote passage and no veto from either Russia or China.

Although the Syria resolution is sponsored by the council鈥檚 European members, the US is a strong behind-the-scenes supporter of the measure. The sponsoring countries are emphasizing to the council鈥檚 reluctant members that their resolution is designed to increase pressure on the regime of President Bashar al-Assad, but contains none of the coercive measures 鈥� like authorization of a no-fly zone 鈥� found in the second Libya resolution.

The failure to get the Security Council to act on even a weak Syria resolution has opened the door to Obama administration critics, who say the president鈥檚 preference for 鈥渆ngagement鈥� with America鈥檚 adversaries and nice-guy diplomacy is showing its limits.

鈥淒iplomacy isn鈥檛 always about being nice, you have to be tough and be able to close the deal,鈥� says Richard Grenell, an international public affairs consultant in Los Angeles who served as spokesman to four US ambassadors to the UN. 鈥淲ith Syria now a real peace and security challenge for a very volatile region, getting a tough Security Council resolution should be a no-brainer,鈥� he adds, 鈥渂ut this administration鈥檚 strategy is clearly not working.鈥�

Criticism for US ambassador

Mr. Grenell, who served in the Bush administration and at the UN under then-US Ambassador John Bolton, says President Obama promised smoother sailing for US priorities at the UN through a strategy of 鈥渆ngagement鈥� and dialogue that 鈥渨ould get our enemies to go along with us.鈥�

He is especially critical of the current US ambassador to the UN, Susan Rice, adding, 鈥淏eing Miss Nice does not produce the votes,鈥� and noting that the second Libya resolution only 鈥渟queaked by鈥� with 10 votes in favor.

Some UN experts like Columbia鈥檚 Mr. Doyle say ongoing debate over reform of the Security Council and calls for expanding the number of permanent members also has an impact in high-profile issues like Libya and Syria.

That鈥檚 true, says Grenell, but he insists that US diplomats should be able to play the expansion debate to America鈥檚 advantage. 鈥淚t should work in our favor, because we should be able to prompt countries that want a permanent seat on the council to show they can act responsibly,鈥� he says, 鈥渁nd we should be able to utilize that desire in favor of America鈥檚 priorities.鈥�

On the other hand, rising powers also have to prove their stuff to audiences at home 鈥� and that, says Doyle, can mean standing up to the US.

鈥淚f prospects for council reform [and expansion of permanent seats] were good, I鈥檇 say, 'Yes, our diplomats ought to be able to use that to our advantage,' 鈥� Doyle says. 鈥淏ut the fact is, those prospects aren鈥檛 very good. And in that situation,鈥� he adds, 鈥渢hese countries may think more about their domestic audiences and about sending a message of independence from the US."