海角大神

Inside Rosie, a colorful minibus that crisscrosses the countryside here in eastern Kentucky, 4-year-old Paisley Barrett brushes her finger over the curled tail of a tiny toy in a plastic box.聽

鈥淭his here鈥檚 a fox,鈥� she declares. Her teacher, Tennant Kirk, nods encouragingly.

Paisley names a few more of the toys 鈥� blocks, locks, rocks 鈥� before arriving at one that gives her pause. Ms. Kirk turns to Paisley鈥檚 mother, Ashley Barrett. 鈥淚 think a lot of children these days have never seen one of these,鈥� she says. Ms. Kirk turns back to Paisley to reinforce an important prereading skill, demonstrating that 鈥渃locks鈥� rhymes with the names of all the other toys in the container.聽

Paisley nods, and reaches for another box. 鈥淚 just love her enthusiasm,鈥� Ms. Kirk tells Ms. Barrett. 鈥淪he is so ready for kindergarten.鈥�

In the lush foothills of the Appalachian Mountains, where families in small towns like Manchester face a paucity of preschool options, Rosie bus is helping to address a deep and persistent need. Not only are there the logistical challenges of reaching young children living in poverty and isolation, but families question the value of prekindergarten programs in general. 鈥淲hy should a 4-year-old go to school?鈥� Ms. Kirk says she鈥檚 often asked.聽

Some families meet income requirements for Head Start, the federally funded preschool program for low-income children, but attendance means sending small children on a bus ride that could last over an hour. Though some children qualify for local public preschool options (either by age or income), figuring out the requirements is often difficult for parents to navigate, Ms. Kirk says.聽

Emily Kaplan/The Hechinger Report

Paisley Barrett, 4, sits with her mother, Ashley Barrett, on the Rosie bus outside the family's home in Manchester, Kentucky. The elder Barrett says that without the preschool bus program her daughter would likely not be ready for school.

But after Paisley participated in nearly two years of Rosie Bus lessons, her mother was able to enroll her in a local public preschool program this fall. When Ms. Kirk dropped by to check in, Ms. Barrett was pleased with her daughter鈥檚 progress.

鈥淲hen she got to preschool, they said that she was so advanced,鈥� Ms. Barrett says. 鈥淎nd I bring that back to the Rosie bus. I could never have brought her to where she鈥檚 at by myself.鈥澛�

鈥淲e have to serve the whole family鈥�

After reading about a similar program in Colorado, Ms. Kirk and Dreama Gentry developed the family readiness bus program in 2016 with a Kellogg Foundation grant. Ms. Kirk is the early childhood project director at Berea College鈥檚 Partners for Education, and Ms. Gentry is executive director. Each of their two buses has two adults on board: an early childhood specialist who works with children on fundamental academic and social skills, and a 鈥渇amily navigator,鈥� who works with caregivers. To bring school to where a child lives, both adults take turns driving the bus, which is small enough that it does not require a special driver鈥檚 license.

Family navigators help caregivers identify goals 鈥� improving nutrition, getting out of debt, repairing their homes, or earning a GED diploma 鈥� and the concrete steps needed to reach them. Additionally, the bus鈥� operators host evenings once a month when parents meet with community members who provide services such as financial planning or nutritional advice. Caregivers themselves can share struggles and child-rearing strategies.聽

鈥淚f we鈥檙e going to make a significant impact on children鈥檚 learning and developing brains, we have to serve the whole family,鈥� says Ms. Gentry.聽

In the past two years, the Sunny and Rosie buses have served nearly 100 preschoolers, ages 3 and 4, and their families. The buses are now operated by two local organizations: Red Bird Mission in the town of Beverly; and Save the Children, in neighboring Perry County. The organizations may adapt the curriculum slightly 鈥� Red Bird Mission, for instance, will add a Bible story to the literacy activities. The family readiness bus 鈥渃omplements what we are already doing,鈥� says Kari Collins, Red Bird鈥檚 executive director.

Trying out school聽聽

Appalachian Kentucky, where Sunny and Rosie roam, suffers from what the U.S. government terms 鈥減ersistent poverty,鈥� meaning that it has had at or exceeding 20% for more than 30 years. The effects play out in a number of ways. A generation ago, the biggest employers in eastern Kentucky were coal companies, which received significant incentives from local and state governments to operate in the region. When the companies left, thousands of people found themselves with no job prospects. Virtually no social services 鈥� such as job training programs, GED programs, or even food banks 鈥� eased the void left by coal鈥檚 departure.聽聽聽聽

The counties served by the buses are also considered food deserts. Many residents share the costs of an hour-long drive to a grocery store once a month, where they use their limited funds to buy processed food that will last the longest. Many young children develop both obesity and tooth decay, giving Kentucky the in the U.S.聽聽聽聽聽聽

While the navigators help connect people with services, the buses most critically offer a free, low-stress way for families to check out what school for 4-year-olds is really all about. Just 29% of Kentucky鈥檚 4-year-olds attended publicly funded preschool in 2018, according to the for Early Education Research. And only 51% of the state鈥檚 children enter kindergarten the curriculum. The effects of this lack of preparation can persist into adulthood.聽聽聽

鈥淜indergarten readiness is tied to third grade reading, which has been tied to high school graduation 鈥撀爓hich is tied to college-going,鈥� Ms. Gentry explains.聽

Supporting a new view of self

In recent years, meth and opioid abuse have created a situation in which many children are being taken in by grandparents and other relatives, who may themselves be ill-equipped to care for young children. The rate of opioid deaths was 28 per 100,000 in 2017 鈥� nearly double the national average of 15 per 100,000, according to the latest data available from the federal government. Statewide, 9% of Kentucky children other than their parents, the highest proportion in the nation. Locals estimate that the percentages in the counties served by Sunny and Rosie are much higher.聽

In Beverly, Kristy Roark, a kindergarten teacher who grew up in the area, says 鈥渢here aren鈥檛 many intact families鈥� and the consequences of that are manifold.聽

鈥淲hen grandma is taking care of them, [children are] less likely to follow authority or be held accountable because they get whatever they ask for,鈥� she says. 鈥淕randma鈥檚 tired, and grandma鈥檚 going to give you whatever you want so she can rest. Children lose their ability to problem-solve because a lot of time they watch videos, which doesn鈥檛 stimulate the brain.鈥澛�

Ms. Roark worries about the attitude of preemptive self-defeat she often encounters. 鈥淔amilies face stereotyping of 鈥業鈥檓 from the mountains, I鈥檓 not smart enough to go to school.鈥� So that becomes, 鈥業 can鈥檛 be successful.鈥欌�澛燳et the students in her classroom who were served by Rosie and Sunny bring stronger academic and social skills than those who weren鈥檛.聽聽聽聽聽

Aleah Wolsey, 5, is one of those students. 鈥淲e did games, we would play with animals, we would do puzzles and stuff,鈥� Aleah recalls.聽聽

Among her classmates, Aleah is clearly a leader. On a recent visit, a group of girls watches admiringly as she demonstrates how to write the letter E. When a visitor, carrying a tablet, asks her how to spell her name, she takes the tablet saying, 鈥淥h, I鈥檒l just type it myself.鈥�

Emily Kaplan/The Hechinger Report

Chris Morgan, who has served both as an early childhood educator and a family navigator on the Rosie bus, says that all parents can help their children gain an education when given the right tools.

Getting more kids on the same trajectory as Aleah is the goal, says Chris Morgan, who has worked as both an early childhood specialist and as a family navigator on the bus. He emphasizes that family support is crucial. 鈥淥ur primary thing was to empower parents to make sure that they were their child鈥檚 advocate from the time of birth all the way through school,鈥� he says. 鈥淭hey have the ability to help their child learn 鈥� they鈥檙e the first and most important teacher that the child has. You just have to help them see that.鈥�

Back in Manchester, as Paisley sits on the floor, making her way through a small box with a picture of a cake on its lid 鈥� rake, bake, steak, snake 鈥� Ms. Barrett reflects on her family鈥檚 experience with Rosie. Her two-year-old son, Parker, sits in her lap; he will start his time on Rosie next year. She hopes the little boy will develop a love of learning like his older sister.

鈥淧aisley didn鈥檛 ever talk about going to school until we started the bus,鈥� Ms. Barrett says. 鈥淏ut once we started the bus, she begged me every day, 鈥榃hen do I get to start school?鈥欌�澛�

This story about 聽was produced by , a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education.