How a new exhibit grapples with Dutch colonialism in Indonesia
| Amsterdam
Video of Dutch troops overseeing the torching of houses in an Indonesian village plays in one room of the Rijks Museum in Amsterdam.聽A few meters away, a baby鈥檚 clothes sewn from book covers 鈥� the only scraps of cloth the mother could find 鈥� are laid out.
The displays, which cast into stark relief two different elements of suffering, are part of a new exhibition at the national museum of the Netherlands. 鈥淩evolusi! Indonesia Independent鈥� presents a multifaceted view of the violent birth of the Southeast Asian nation from the ashes of World War II and three centuries of colonial rule.
The array of baby clothes 鈥渄oesn鈥檛 show the violence directly, but it鈥檚 this indirect impact of the violence that鈥檚 been shown by these objects,鈥� museum director Taco Dibbits told The Associated Press.
Indonesia鈥檚 War of Independence is shown through the eyes of 23 witnesses, ranging from a young Indonesian boy with a box of watercolors covertly painting troop movements in his hometown to famed photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson鈥檚 iconic images of President Sukarno being sworn into office at the sultan鈥檚 palace in Yogyakarta on Dec. 17, 1949.
The exhibit includes paintings, propaganda, video, and photographs of the tumultuous transformation of the Dutch East Indies into Indonesia.
The show is part of the Rijks Museum鈥檚 examination of the Netherlands鈥� colonial past that last year featured a major exhibition on the country鈥檚 role in the global slave trade.
鈥淚f you look at the Dutch educational system, the Indonesian independence is described from a Dutch perspective, and we feel it very important to continuously broaden our history,鈥� Mr. Dibbits said.
The exhibition, which will travel to Indonesia next year, was pulled together by four curators, two from the Netherlands and two from Indonesia.
One of the Indonesian curators, historian Bonnie Triyana, sparked controversy last month when he criticized the use of the word 鈥渂ersiap鈥� in the exhibition.
鈥淚f we use the term 鈥榖ersiap鈥� in general to refer to violence against the Dutch during the revolution, it takes on a strongly racist connotation,鈥� he wrote in Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad.
The word, meaning 鈥渂e ready,鈥� is often used in the Netherlands to refer to violence by Indonesians in the early days of the independence struggle immediately after the end of World War II.
One group has filed a complaint with police and prosecutors over use of the term, saying the museum 鈥渒nowingly continues to use a term that stigmatizes Indonesians in a colonial way.鈥�
鈥淲e want to use [the word],鈥� Mr. Triyana told the AP. 鈥淲hat I want to do is [give] the contextual explanation into it. To make the people understand what does this term means, at least from my perspective, as Indonesian historian.鈥�
Mr. Dibbits understands the controversy about a term that is used to describe one part of the suffering unleashed by the conflict.
鈥淚t鈥檚 very understandable that there鈥檚 this discussion and I think very important that there鈥檚 this discussion on the usage of words or usage of term, because for a lot of people who suffered immensely 鈥� their children, their grandchildren,鈥� he said. 鈥淔or them, it鈥檚 still very much history of today that鈥檚 important.鈥�
Indonesia proclaimed independence on Aug. 17, 1945, declaring an end to Japan鈥檚 World War II dominance as well as 350 years of Dutch colonial rule. But the Netherlands fought fiercely to maintain control for four years before recognizing Indonesia鈥檚 independence in 1949.
The Netherlands鈥� leaders have addressed widespread reports of excessive violence by Dutch troops during the independence war. During a state visit to Indonesia in 2020, King Willem-Alexander apologized for 鈥渢he excessive violence on the part of the Dutch鈥� during the independence struggle.
A major research project into the violence is due to present its findings later this month.
Remco Raben, a history professor at the University of Amsterdam, said the exhibition is groundbreaking in its approach.
鈥淚t鈥檚 ... the first time that the Indonesian revolution is presented to the Dutch public as an Indonesian revolution and not only as a Dutch experience of a decolonization war in Indonesia,鈥� he said.
This story was reported by The Associated Press.
