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A deal to ensure a steady flow of Russian gas to Ukraine this winter may keep Ukrainian homes warm and factories churning out products as long as Kiev pays past bills for gas and remains current on new deliveries.

But even if the tentative agreement leads to a further easing of tensions between the two countries and a resultant end to Western sanctions against Moscow, the Russian economy will remain at risk, according to the World Bank.

Guenther Oettinger, the European Community's energy commissioner, said Sept. 26 in Berlin that under the听, Ukraine would pay $3.1 billion to the Kremlin-run gas giant Gazprom by the end of this year to settle old debt. Russia then would provide at least 5 billion cubic meters of gas to Ukraine from October 2014 through March 2015, for which Ukraine must pay in advance.

The leaders of both countries still must approve the pact, but Oettinger was optimistic. 鈥淚鈥檝e experienced tough but constructive negotiations over the past weeks,鈥� he said. 鈥淎voiding gas shortages is in the interest of all those involved.鈥� ()

To settle past gas debt,听听$2 billion to Gazprom by the end of October and the remaining $1.1 billion by year's end, with the help of a loan from the International Monetary Fund guaranteed by the EU. Russia, meanwhile, would supply at least 5 billion cubic meters of gas to Ukraine during the coming six months at a price of $385 per 1,000 cubic meters, paid in advance.

Oettinger's optimism applies only to the energy dispute between Moscow and Kiev, and that is merely a byproduct of basic conflict between the two countries, which includes Russia's unilateral annexation of Ukraine's Crimean peninsula in March and its suspected support of pro-Russian separatists in Ukraine.

Because of the conflict, the United States and the EU have imposed economic sanctions on Russia, aimed mostly at its valuable energy sector, keeping Western financing and technology out of Russian hands. Already the sanctions have led two large Western oil companies, ExxonMobil in the United States and Total in France, to听听with Russian partners, Rosneft and Lukoil, respectively.

听

But even if Russia abruptly returned Crimea to Ukraine, withdrew all its forces suspected of being in Ukraine and credibly ended its support of the separatists 鈥� and if all this persuaded the EU and Washington to repeal the sanctions 鈥� Russia's staggering economy would see little improvement, according to the听听issued Sept. 24. ()

With the sanctions in place, the World Bank, said Russia鈥檚 gross domestic product would grow by no more than 0.3 percent next year and could even shrink if the Ukraine crisis gets worse, prompting a further escalation of Western sanctions. In 2016, the Bank said, GDP will rise by 0.4 at most.

Russia鈥檚 forecast is more optimistic, with a growth estimate of 1.2 percent in 2015 and 2.3 percent in 2016 due to growing investment. But the World Bank鈥檚 economist for Russia,听, 鈥淲e don鈥檛 believe that investment growth is picking up as much as the government believes,鈥� Hansl said. 鈥淭heir assumption is that monopolies will be investing.鈥�

Even听, the World Bank report said, the economy would only inch upward by 0.9 percent in 2015, and 1.3 percent in 2016. Meanwhile, it said, any increase in geopolitical tensions would actually cause the economy to contract.

鈥淭he economy is at the threshold of recession and will remain there for a while," Hansl said.

By Andy Tully of Oilprice.com

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