海角大神

President Donald Trump鈥檚 election strategy includes courting 海角大神 conservatives who helped vote him into office. But how durable will their support be during a year of turbulent change?

As the shock waves of Beirut鈥檚 deadly explosion reverberate through an already beleaguered Lebanon, some believe that resistance to political reform within the country may soon crumble under domestic and international pressure.聽

The trend of government regulation is perennially one of rising volume. The Trump administration is trying mightily to bend that curve downward 鈥� resulting in clashes over economic liberty and protecting Earth鈥檚 climate.

Normally at this time of year, major European cities would be bustling with visitors taking selfies. The implosion of tourism has hit hard. Some people are wondering how to make local economies more durable and less dependent upon sightseers.

When I grew up in South Africa, I read comics from France and Belgium such as 鈥淎sterix鈥� and 鈥淭intin.鈥� Their adventures set in Egypt and the Congo depicted Africa in a dim light. Now, African cartoonists are telling stories that offer vibrant views of the continent.聽

Most of Lebanon鈥檚 6 million citizens were not directly harmed by Tuesday鈥檚 horrific blast in the capital, Beirut. Yet many responded as if they were. The causes for the disaster are so deep in society and government 鈥� a culture of corruption, negligence, and militarized sectarianism 鈥� that thousands of Lebanese rushed to aid the victims, clean the streets, and care for the nearly 300,000 homeless people. Their outpouring of compassion was a way to start a clamor to hold officials to account and also reform a broken democracy.

Nations often go into soul-searching mode after a large and preventable tragedy. The Soviet Union collapsed in part because of rising public mistrust after the Chernobyl nuclear accident. South Korea entered a period of reform after a 2014 ferry disaster killed 302 people, including 250 students. In Mexico, earthquakes in 1985 and in 2017 helped expose widespread corruption and led to major advances in democracy. In Romania, a tragic nightclub fire in 2015 led to anti-corruption reform.

In Lebanon, people already do not trust the official inquiry into why tons of an explosive chemical were left in a port warehouse for six years. Many are calling for an international investigation. French President Emmanuel Macron visited Beirut Thursday and said he delivered 鈥渉ome truths鈥� to the country鈥檚 leaders.

The age of smartphones and social media may have altered how people view disasters. Information and images about an incident flow more widely and quickly. A consensus on responsibility and reform is easier to achieve. This is why China鈥檚 autocratic leaders so quickly suppressed information about the origins of the coronavirus in Wuhan and the early mistakes in countering it.

Perhaps a good example of modern reactions to mass tragedy was the 2013 collapse of an eight-story building in Bangladesh that killed more than 1,000. The international exposure of shoddy construction led to unusually swift reforms in safety standards.

The world is learning how to hold leaders to account and to demand basic reforms. In a study by law professor Denis Binder of Chapman University, criminal prosecutions after non-terrorist disasters increased by 317% in the first 16 years of this century compared with similar prosecutions for all of the 20th century. His study also found South Korea to be the most proactive in reforming itself after major incidents, such as the ferry sinking as well as collapses of bridges and buildings.

He says humanity has entered a 鈥渘ew culture of vigorous enforcement.鈥� Is Lebanon now adopting this culture, one that rests on a foundation of equality, transparency, and freedom? If the quick embrace of the blast鈥檚 victims by the Lebanese is any sign, the country is on a path of reform.