海角大神

Deception in public life is now taken so much for granted 鈥� think fake Gucci bags or sound bites in negative campaign ads 鈥� that it鈥檚 rare if anyone actually gets punished for it. Yet that is not the case for Barclays bank.

The financial giant has been caught trying to make itself look good during the 2008 banking crisis in order to prevent a government takeover. It admitted last month to submitting false data used to set the world鈥檚 most important benchmark for interest rates.

That measure, known as the London Interbank Offered Rate, or Libor, is calculated when big banks report daily on how much they will charge each other for borrowing. This barometer of trust then determines global rates for mortgages, credit-card debt, student loans, and other financial instruments 鈥� to the tune of trillions of dollars.

Barclays has now paid a $450 million fine to British and American regulators while two of its top executives have resigned. Some 20 other banks are being investigated for possibly committing similar deceit in manipulating Libor.

Unlike many bank scandals, this case seems more about institutional preening than individual greed. The Barclays workers who committed the fraud revealed in e-mails just how happy they were to pull off the deception on behalf of the bank: 鈥淒ude! I owe you big time!鈥� or 鈥淐ome over one day after work and I鈥檓 opening a bottle of Bollinger.鈥�

While this disingenuous manipulation of information may have caused financial harm, it also shows just how easily deception can occur with the click of a mouse by people sitting in cubicles.

Greater vigilance is needed to detect today鈥檚 digital dishonesty. In China, for example, economic data is rarely trusted. Even the country鈥檚 next premier, Li Keqiang, admits that Chinese statistics are often 鈥渕an-made鈥� and meant to be used 鈥渇or reference only.鈥�

Or take the digital touching up of photos in women鈥檚 fashion magazines using Photoshop or other picture-editing software.

This month, Seventeen magazine promised it will never change the images of a model鈥檚 body or face shapes. The decision was the result of an online campaign led by a 14-year-old girl in Maine fed up with friends鈥� complaints about not meeting the body images portrayed 鈥� often falsely 鈥� in such magazines. (Teen Vogue is now the target of a similar campaign.)

What can help people avoid being deceptive and dishonest? According to social psychologist Dan Ariely at Duke University, the best answer is not so much fear of regulatory punishment or even fear of God. Rather, in his new book, 鈥淭he (Honest) Truth About Dishonesty 鈥� How We Lie to Everyone 鈥� Especially Ourselves,鈥� he says the answer may lie in assuming that most people prefer to be honest 鈥� and just need the right kind of reminder.

鈥淒oing something as simple as recalling moral standards at the time of temptation can work wonders to decrease dishonest behavior or potentially prevent it altogether,鈥� he writes.

His social experiments show that cheating can be reduced to zero when people 鈥� even atheists 鈥� are asked to think about the Ten Commandments. One group of students didn鈥檛 cheat at all after they signed an agreement to follow the college鈥檚 鈥渉onor code鈥� 鈥� even though the college didn鈥檛 have one.

Dr. Ariely says people have an innate 鈥渕oral structure鈥� and merely need to take note of their thinking with high scrutiny in order to behave better.

Still, he worries about the ease of deception.

鈥淔rom all the research I have done over the years,鈥� writes Ariely, 鈥渢he idea that worries me the most is that the more cashless our society becomes, the more our moral compass slips. What will happen to our morality as a society as financial products become more obscure and less recognizably related to money (think, for example, about stock options, derivatives and credit default swaps)?鈥�

He wrote that before news of the Libor scandal broke. His advice may be the best one to heed as officials in Britain and America sort out this grand deception on interest rates.