海角大神

Treasury released its much anticipated聽聽on inversions, which failed to live up to expectations.聽 Treasury made only small technical changes to the definition of an inversion.聽聽聽suggested something much larger鈥攏amely limits on earnings stripping, which would have made inversions (and other combinations of U.S. firms with foreign corporations) much less profitable.聽 While Treasury聽聽earnings-stripping guidance for over a year, it still 鈥渃ontinue[s] to examine鈥� the practice.

But earnings stripping undermines the integrity of the corporate income tax--and often occurs after U.S. corporations take over smaller foreign corporations (an inversion), foreign corporations take over smaller U.S. corporations, or a combination of equals.

Any of these combinations shifts ownership of the U.S. firm to a foreign parent corporation. The U.S. firm still pays U.S. taxes, but can reduce its U.S. tax liability by borrowing from its foreign parent. (The U.S. firm does not actually borrow any money鈥攊t just distributes a note to its parent and then makes interest, rather than dividend, payments to the parent.)聽 The interest is deductible against the firm鈥檚 U.S. earnings and taxable to the foreign corporation. That action鈥攃alled 鈥渆arnings stripping鈥濃�攅ffectively shifts taxable earnings from the U.S. to the parent鈥檚 country with a lower tax rate.

Earnings stripping is thus a classic tax loophole. The subsidiary corporation鈥檚 borrowing from the parent is simply an accounting trick to shift taxable income to a low-tax jurisdiction (the 鈥渄ebt鈥� is not going to be enforced by the parent). 聽And cutting our corporate tax rate won鈥檛 get rid of the loophole鈥攖here will always be foreign countries with lower tax rates that make earnings stripping profitable.

But Congress is frozen.聽 Many members insist that plugging tax loopholes should come only as part of fundamental tax reform, including sharp cuts in corporate tax rates.聽 Perhaps Treasury will tire of studying--and use its聽聽to treat instruments labelled debt as stock, as 鈥渘ecessary or appropriate.鈥澛� In my聽, their regulatory authority is clear.

In the meantime, the Pfizer-Allergan merger continues to advance, unimpeded by Treasury鈥檚 move.聽 The Pfizer-Allergan combination, like many other recent combinations, appears to be a combination of equals, so, technically, none of the anti-inversion rules will affect it.聽聽 In addition, the combined company can strip future earnings from the U.S., further eroding our corporate tax base.

But, for now, Treasury continues to study.

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