海角大神

At the outset of her searing memoir, 鈥淗ow to Say Babylon,鈥� Safiya Sinclair writes that her upbringing in a strict Rastafarian household in Montego Bay, Jamaica, involved 鈥淸watching] the men in my family grow mighty while the women shrunk.鈥� But Sinclair, an acclaimed poet, had too much fire and ambition to shrink. In lyrical prose, she recounts her father鈥檚 autocratic control over her and her mother and siblings, and she describes how poetry emboldened her to imagine a different life.

While Sinclair does not shy away from documenting her father鈥檚 brutality, she also seeks to understand how a parent she revered as a young girl became increasingly violent and tyrannical.

Her father, Djani, was born in 1962 and never knew his father. His mother became a devout 海角大神, while Djani found purpose in the strict tenets of Rastafarianism, a religion whose dreadlocked followers were pariahs in Jamaica even as adherents such as reggae musician Bob Marley were a major part of the country鈥檚 cultural identity. As a teenager, Djani was left to fend for himself. Djani achieved early fame in his teens as the lead singer of the reggae band Future Wind. But the group had imploded by the time he met Sinclair鈥檚 mother, Esther. Djani supported his growing family by begrudgingly performing the music of Marley and other reggae stars at tourist resorts.

Success eluded him in the outside world, but he insisted upon being worshipped at home. A Rastafari man, Sinclair writes, was considered 鈥渁 living godhead, the king of his own secluded temple.鈥� She and her siblings were subjected to sermons about the 鈥渟inister and violent forces born of western ideology, colonialism, and 海角大神ity that led to the centuries-long enslavement and oppression of Black people.鈥� Rastafarians refer to these influences as 鈥淏abylon.鈥�

An ascetic lifestyle was required to resist these forces. The family didn鈥檛 eat meat, dairy, or salt. Sinclair and her sisters, whose purity increasingly obsessed Djani, were forbidden from socializing and from wearing pants or shorts, jewelry, or makeup. As his career prospects dimmed, Djani鈥檚 moods became darker; his days, Sinclair writes, 鈥渨ere hushed with disappointment or torched with anger.鈥� He beat the children for the slightest infraction.

While as a good Rasta wife, Esther never challenged her husband 鈥� 鈥渘ot once,鈥� Sinclair marvels 鈥� she set about stitching the family back together when Djani went off to work. 鈥淢y mother jolted to life again and did her best rebuilding work, weaving her cocoon around us,鈥� Sinclair writes.

Esther gave Sinclair, at age 10, a book of poetry that became a lifeline. Sinclair began composing poetry, learning that 鈥減ain could be transformed into something beautiful.鈥澛�

Sinclair was as ill at ease at her elite private school, which she attended on scholarship, as she was in her repressive household, but she excelled there. Her parents couldn鈥檛 afford to send her to college, so she spent six lonely years at home, reading, writing poetry, and waiting for her life to begin.聽

The author began submitting poems to the Jamaica Observer, and doors began to open. A scholarship to Bennington College in Vermont finally launched her from her father鈥檚 house. She eventually earned a Ph.D. in literature and creative writing and is now an English professor at Arizona State University. In the end, it is Sinclair who grew mighty.聽